1 research outputs found
Dual-Modal Apoptosis Assay Enabling Dynamic Visualization of ATP and Reactive Oxygen Species in Living Cells
ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered
significant
indicators of cell apoptosis. However, visualizing the interplay between
apoptosis-related ATP and ROS is challenging. Herein, we developed
a metal–organic framework (MOF)-based nanoprobe for an apoptosis
assay using duplex imaging of cellular ATP and ROS. The nanoprobe
was fabricated through controlled encapsulation of gold nanorods with
a thin zirconium-based MOF layer, followed by modification of the
ROS-responsive molecules 2-mercaptohydroquinone and 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled
ATP aptamer. The nanoprobe enables ATP and ROS visualization via fluorescence
and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, respectively, avoiding the
mutual interference that often occurs in single-mode methods. Moreover,
the dual-modal assay effectively showed dynamic imaging of ATP and
ROS in cancer cells treated with various drugs, revealing their apoptosis-related
pathways and interactions that differ from those under normal conditions.
This study provides a method for studying the relationship between
energy metabolism and redox homeostasis in cell apoptosis processes