Modern Urdu Gazal: Metaphorical Aspect

The importance of metaphor in modern Urdu ghazal does not need any introduction. Its use expands the world of poetry. It also highlights the aesthetic aspects of poetry. Due to metaphor, such subjects are also played which is not possible. It can be. With its use, aspects are created in the poems. Thus, even a simple and common idea takes an admirable form. Along with the traditional metaphors and symbols, new additions are also made to them in every age. Thus, this language. It is also a source of freshness. The breadth of metaphors in modern ghazals is commendable. In the metaphors of modern ghazals, life can be seen to breathe completely. The metaphorical universe is indeed the only difference between big and small poets’ resources

Equality Clause in Pakistan: A Need for Elevation to Supra Constitutional Status

Equality in all its manifestations is a notion that requires implementation in Pakistan in every facet being the premise idea for the founding of Pakistan. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of equality as the foundational feature of Pakistan and make out a case for its incorporation in the legal structure as supreme consideration. The methodology adopted is doctrinal and descriptive analysis of the issue in hand. The findings of research mandate revisions in constitution of Pakistan and legal paradigm of Pakistan with equality at the forefront. Such an analysis to authors knowledge has not been undertaken before

Parbala: An Important Dramatic Character

Urdu litreture has many genres like Gazal Nazam, Novel, short story and Drama.Sadarshan is one of the earlier renowned short story writers in Urdu, having potential of drama writing equally. His stories have romantic aura.  Parbala is one of his importent charector of his drama Parbal.He wrote this dramma in 1925. In This article using the close reading methods, the salient features of this characters are brought forth. It is argued that despite the social and cultural bounds of his time, Sudrashan has created a feminine character that has courageous personality and who had the capcity to turn the tables. In Parbla we can find a balance between hard core femininism and sublime qualities of traditional culture.       &nbsp

آنس معین کی شاعری کے فکری پہلو: تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Aanis Moeen is one of those poets who comitted suicide.He belongs to a literary family ,his father Fakhar-u-Din Ballay was a known writer.Aanis moeen started his poetic journy in sewnty seven and this journy ends with his death in 1986. He was a great poet of ghazal having equal potiential in nazam.His poetic work have a lot of worth having depth of thought and huminity.He has huminstic approch in poetry and shows great concern in it. This article highlights his poetic work as well as some aspects of his life. This article is an effort to recognize his work and to introduce his poetry to the students of Urdu Literature

Safety of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Major Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study

Background Significant safety concerns remain surrounding the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) following gastrointestinal surgery, leading to wide variation in their use. This study aimed to determine the safety profile of NSAIDs after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency abdominal surgery with a minimum one-night stay during a 3-month study period were eligible for inclusion. The administration of any NSAID within 3 days following surgery was the main independent variable. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day postoperative major complication rate, as defined by the Clavien–Dindo classification (Clavien–Dindo III–V). Propensity matching with multivariable logistic regression was used to produce odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals. Results From 9264 patients, 23.9 % (n = 2212) received postoperative NSAIDs. The overall major complication rate was 11.5 % (n = 1067). Following propensity matching and adjustment, use of NSAIDs were not significantly associated with any increase in major complications (OR 0.90, 0.60–1.34, p = 0.560). Conclusions Early use of postoperative NSAIDs was not associated with an increase in major complications following gastrointestinal surgery

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis.

AIM: Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a meta-analysis of all available prospective data. METHODS: This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien-Dindo Grades III-V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. RESULTS: This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery for malignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49-2.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46-0.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. CONCLUSIONS: In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien\u2013Dindo Grades III\u2013V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49\u20132.96, P &lt; 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46\u20130.75, P &lt; 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease