Is Helicobacter Pylori Associated with a Migraine?

Objective: To determine whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with migraine headache. Design: Case-control study. Settings: Local tertiary Hospitals in Cairo, Egypt and in HaferAlbaten, Saudi Arabia. Participants: A total of 70 patients with migraine who were 7 to 17 years old and who fulfilled the International Headache Society criteria for migraine and a total of 50 controls without migraine who were matched by the country of origin, age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status to the 70 migraine cases. Main Outcome Measures: Antibody levels to H. pylori (IgG) and H. pylori stool antigens were compared between the two groups. Results: Significant association was found between H. pylori and migraine and of the total of 70 migraineur cases, 55.7% were positive for H. pylori stool antigen testing compared to 20% in control group (P value=0.0002). Joint pain was reported in 44.3% and 18.0% of cases and controls respectively (P value=0.0034). Conclusion: H. pylori is associated with migraine without aura and may be a causative factor. Moreover, H. pylori may induce joint pain in the migraineur patients

Preliminary Implementation of the Next Generation Cannulation Simulator

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a highly complex/critical lifesaving procedure known to support patients with cardiac and respiratory issues. Patients on ECMO are monitored 24/7 by a team of highly trained ECMO team comprising nurses, physicians, respiratory therapists, and perfusionists promptly intervening to any potential emergency situation. Simulation-Based Training (SBT) allows clinicians to experience and practice realistic hands-on procedures and scenarios without any risk. In ECMO, cannulation is a critical procedure performed to externally reroute the blood flow so it can be re-oxygenated by the ECMO machine before being recirculated through the patient's body. In a close collaboration with Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), this project aims to develop a cost effective, realistic, and user-friendly ECMO simulator focusing on the venous and arterial cannulation procedure, The main features of this simulator include cannulation emergencies caused by low pressure flow, excessive force, recirculation, or mispositioned wire/cannula. Therefore, the ECMO cannulation simulator will not only greatly contribute to the initial and ongoing local training of HMC ECMO clinicians but also contribute to improving patient care by lowering the risks associated with the cannulation process

EXCLUSIVE REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF POTENTIALLY BIOACTIVE 1,3,4-SELENADIAZOLE

Isoselenocyanates have a crucial role as reactants in chemical processes, facilitating the efficient synthesis of significant chemical intermediates and physiologically active chemicals. The utilization of (Z)-2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chlorides in a one-step procedure for the synthesis of the core structure of various heterocyclic compounds has been widely explored. This study focuses on the synthesis of 5-arylimino-1,3,4-selenadiazole derivatives through the reaction of isoselenocyanates with various substituted (Z)-2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chlorides. The objective is to achieve selective and accurate formation of these derivatives. The derivatives exhibit a diverse range of functional groups on both aryl rings. The synthetic procedure is conducted under ambient conditions, promoting environmental sustainability, and ensuring safe manipulation. This technique exhibits versatility in its application across several substrates, yielding outcomes of superior quality. The selenadiazoles are acquired using the process of gravity filtering, and their chemical structures are confirmed utilizing multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and precise mass spectrometry techniques. Singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analysis was also used to successfully define the precise molecular structure of the reported 5-arylimino-selenadiazole regioisomer in this investigation. The substances (Z)-1-(4-(4- iodophenyl)-5-(p-tolylimino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-selenadiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one and (Z)-1-(5-(4- methoxyphenyl)imino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-selenadiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one were analyzed as-4-(4- (methylthio)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-selenadiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one. (Z)-2-oxo-Nphenylpropanehydrazonoyl chloride and (Z)-N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2- oxopropanehydrazonoyl chloride are two examples of hydrazonoyl chloride reactants that have had their (Z)-geometry validated by X-ray diffraction experiments. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed at the B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVP level to corroborate the experimental findings and hypothesized mechanism

Regioselective Catalytic Synthesis of Potentially Bioactive 1,3,4-Selenadiazole

Isoselenocyanates have a crucial role as reactants in chemical processes, facilitating the efficient synthesis of significant chemical intermediates and physiologically active chemicals. The utilization of (Z)-2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chlorides in a one-step procedure for the synthesis of the core structure of various heterocyclic compounds has been widely explored. This study focuses on the synthesis of 5-arylimino-1,3,4-selenadiazole derivatives through the reaction of isoselenocyanates with various substituted (Z)-2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chlorides. The objective is to achieve selective and accurate formation of these derivatives. The derivatives exhibit a diverse range of functional groups on both aryl rings. The synthetic procedure is conducted under ambient conditions, promoting environmental sustainability, and ensuring safe manipulation. This technique exhibits versatility in its application across several substrates, yielding outcomes of superior quality. A total number of 46 selenadiazoles derivatives are acquired using the process of gravity filtering, and their chemical structures are confirmed utilizing multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and precise mass spectrometry techniques.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was also used to successfully define the precise molecular structure of the reported 5-arylimino-selenadiazole regioisomer in this investigation. The substances (Z)-1-(4-(4-iodophenyl)-5-(p-tolylimino)-4,5-dihydro- 1,3,4-selenadiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one and (Z)-1-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)imino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-selenadiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one were analyzed as-4-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-selenadiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one. (Z)-2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chloride and (Z)-N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2 oxopropanehydrazonoyl chloride are two examples of hydrazonoyl chloride reactants that have had their (Z)-geometry validated by X-ray diffraction experiments. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed at the B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVP level to corroborate the experimental findings and hypothesized mechanism

The role of liver in leptin metabolism in experimental nephrotic syndrome

Leptin is a hormone influencing food intake, energy expenditure and body weight. It is pro-duced by adipocytes, exerts its effects on brain, endocrine pancreas and other organs by acti-vating trans-membrane receptors and is cleared from plasma mainly by the kidneys. Several studies have suggested that leptin's effects on metabolism are mediated by the liver. Our aim was to evaluate the role of the liver in the metabolism of leptin by comparing the serum leptin level in the portal vein with that in inferior vena cava and to study the relationship between leptin and lipoprotein levels in healthy and nephrotic rats. Experimental nephrotic syndrome was conducted in rats by intraperitoneal injection of the supernatant from the kidney suspen-sion obtained by previous unilateral nephrectomy of the same rat and complete Freund's adju-vant. There was a highly significant rise in leptin and lipid profile levels in the nephrotic rats compared with the normal rats. A highly significant increase in leptin in the inferior vena cava was detected compared with the level in the portal veins of nephrotic rats, while insignificant difference was observed in normal rats. This work has stressed the role of liver in leptin and lipid metabolism in nephrotic rats

Millimeter-Wave Components and Antennas for Spatial and Polarization Diversity using PRGW Technology

The evolution of the wireless communication systems to the future generation is accompanied by a huge improvement in the system performance through providing a high data rate with low latency. These systems require access to millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, which offer several advantages such as physically smaller components and much wider bandwidthcomparedtomicrowavefrequencies. However, mmWavecomponentsstillneed a significant improvement to follow the rapid variations in future technologies. Although mmWave frequencies can carry more data, they are limited in terms of their penetration capabilities and their coverage range. Moreover, these frequencies avoid deploying traditional guiding technologies such as microstrip lines due to high radiation and material losses. Hence, utilizing new guiding structure techniques such as Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) is essential in future mmWave systems implementation. ThemainpurposeofthisthesisistodesignmmWavecomponents,antennasubsystems and utilize both in beam switching systems. The major mmWave components addressed in this thesis are hybrid coupler, crossover, and differential power divider where the host guidingstructureisthePRGW.Inaddition,variousdesignsfordifferentialfeedingPRGW antennas and antenna arrays are presented featuring wide bandwidth and high gain in mmWave band. Moreover, the integration of both the proposed components and the featured antennas is introduced. This can be considered as a significant step toward the requirements fulfillment of today's advanced communication systems enabling both space and polarization diversity. The proposed components are designed to meet the future ever-increasing consumer experience and technical requirements such as low loss, compact size, and low-cost fabrication. This directed the presented research to have a contribution into three major parts. The first part highlights the feeding structures, where mmWave PRGW directional couplers and differential feeding power divider are designed and validated. These components are among the most important passive elements of microwave circuits used in antennabeam-switchingnetworks. Different3-dBquadraturehybridcouplersandcrossover prototypes are proposed, featured with a compact size and a wide bandwidth beyond 10 % at 30 GHz. In the second part, a beam switching network implemented using hybrid couplers is presented. The proposed beam switching network is a 4 × 4 PRGW Butler matrix that used to feed a Magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna array. As a result, a 2-D scanning antenna array with a compact size, wide bandwidth, and high radiation efficiency larger than84%isachieved. Furthergainenhancementof5dBiisachievedthroughdeployinga hybridgainenhancementtechniqueincludingAMCmushroomshapesaroundtheantenna array with a dielectric superstrate located in the broadside direction. The proposed scanning antenna array can be considered as a step toward the desired improvement in the data rate and coverage through enabling the space diversity for the communication link. The final activity is related to the development of high-gain wide-band mmWave antenna arrays for potential use in future mmWave applications. The first proposed configuration is a differential feeding circular polarized aperture antenna array implemented with PRGW technology. Differential feeding antenna designs offer more advantages than single- ended antennas for mmWave communications as they are easy to be integrated with differential mmWave monolithic ICs that have high common-mode rejection ratio providing an immunity of the environmental noise. The proposed differential feeding antenna array is designed and fabricated, which featured with a stable high gain and a high radiation efficiency over a wide bandwidth. Another proposed configuration is a dualpolarized ME-dipole PRGW antenna array for mmWave wireless communication. Dual polarizationisconsideredoneofthemostimportantantennasolutionsthatcansavecosts and space for modern communication systems. In addition, it is an effective strategy for multiple-input and multiple-output systems that can reduce the size of multiple antennas systems by utilizing extra orthogonal polarization. The proposed dual- polarized antenna array is designed to achieve a stable gain of 15 ± 1 dBi with low cross- polarization less than -30 dB over a wide frequency range of 20 % at 30 GHz

From a Temporary Emergency Shelter to an Urbanized Neighborhood: The Abu Shoak IDP Camp in North Dārfūr

Introduction In early 2003, two rebel movements (the Sudanese Liberation Army and the Justice and Equality Movement) launched an insurgency against the rule in Khartoum. Supported by Janjaweed tribal militias, the government of Sudan responded with decisive counteroffensives. Mass displacement of predominantly rural people was evident from April onwards, increasing steadily throughout 2003–04. By May 2003, there were over 500 000 internally displaced persons in Greater D a rf u r, mostly in IDP camps at the edge of big towns (Minear 2004, 78). Most, if not all, of these camps still exist, because the causes that generated them are still very much present; i.e., insecurity in the rural home areas. Also to be noted is that towns have encroached on many of them. There are many studies on IDP camps in Sudan, as shown in the subsequent paragraphs, but none of them offer longitudinal information which allows us to see processes of adaptation within a camp. The present article is a contribution towards understanding long-term transformations and how such camps end up not being temporary, as the word “camp” would suggest, but rather become permanent and part of the towns/cities they are close to. This article is part of a longitudinal study of one group; namely, the IDPs living in the Abu Shoak camp{1} in the periphery of El-F a sher, in North Darfur State. Following earlier work on this camp, the article looks at, and traces changes in the lives of, these IDPs since the inception of their camp in 2004. Specifically, the article looks at how displaced rural families adapted to the new urban life. This effort builds upon an assumption in urban sociology; that “urbanization as a way of life wreaks profound changes in virtually every phase of social life” (Wirth 1938, 1). Primary data was gathered for the same group of people repeatedly over the past twelve years, through field visits in 2004, 2008, 2013, and 2016. Group and

JUVENILE HORMONE BIOSYNTHESIS AND SIGNALING PATHWAY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Insect development and metamorphosis are controlled by two major hormones; 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH). 20E signaling pathway is well recognized while JH signaling is still ambiguous. For a better understanding of JH biosynthesis and signaling we worked on two parallel projects; reverse genetic and forward genetic studies. In the reverse genetic study, we have tested the potential functional redundancy between Methoprene-tolerant (Met) and germ cell-expressed (gce), two paralog bHLH-PAS transcription factors in Drosophila that were suggested to be JH receptors. Met null mutants are viable, resistant to JH and low fecundity. No gce mutant was available at the begening of this project. We generated a gce null allele and found that it phenocopies Met mutants. Met-gce double mutants are lethal at prepupal stage, which is similar to the JH-deficient flies. Krüppel homolog1 (Kr-h1) and broad (br) are two known JH signaling componets. Further investigations revealed that Met-gce double mutant diminishes Kr-h1 expression, induces precocious br expression, and causes premature and enhanced caspase-dependent programmed cell death. Therefore, we conclude that Met and Gce are functionally redundant in transducing JH signals. Expression of br is induced by 20E, but its induction can be suppressed by JH. In the forward genetic study, we designed and conducted a novel genetic screen to isolate mutations that can de-repress br expression at early larval stages. From 4,400 lethal lines, 55 mutations were isolated based on the precocious br expression in 2nd instar larvae. Genes associated with these 55 mutations include apterous, InR, NMAR1, Fpps and Kr-h1, which are known to be involved in JH biosynthesis or signaling. Other genes encode proteins with various molecular functions, including enzymes, signal transduction molecules, and transcriptional factors. Among them, there are three Wnt signaling components, Axin (Axn), supernumerary limbs (slmb), and naked cuticle (nkd) and two TGF-β signaling components, thick vein (tkv) and mothers against Dpp (mad). We further demonstrated that Wnt signaling mediates JH signaling by regulating Met and gce expression, and that TGF-β signaling controls JH biosynthesis by upregulating transcription of JH acid methyltransferase (jhamt), a key regulatory enzyme of JH biosynthesis