Site Location of Processing Industries for Saffron Packing - Package with the Goal of Economic Development of Rural Fields in Torbat Heydarieh

Agricultural processing industries in rural areas could bring the benefits of efficiency of products, increased employment and reduced agricultural waste. However, the success of the packaging for processing industries in the developing rural economy depends on the choice of the best location for the establishment of related industries. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal location of processing industries - depending on the direction of economic development in rural saffron packaging in the Torbat city. Information was collected in two ways from a library. The population of the study area was in the fields of Torbat city. 19 villages were selected as samples using Cochran formula, 356 households were defined as households in the sample. Then to locate the packaging processing industries for saffron use of index of localization of the human dimension was considered normal. The data collected for analysis was gathered by using questionnaires, and the AHP model and SPSS software package were used. In this regard, the results suggest that the correlation between processing industries - depending on the size of saffron and economic development in the rural fields is based on research. Thus, the best location for saffron processing industries in the region, the villages and Colonel Asad were identified considering the natural conditions and human factors (fertile soil, access roads, etc.)

Inactivation of Heterotrophic Bacteria in Well Water Using ZVI, TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles

Background & Aims of the Study: The heterotrophic bacteria are widely used as a water microbial pollution index for drinking water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metallic nanoparticles such as Zero Valent Iron (ZVI), Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Zinc oxide (ZnO) on Heterotrophic Bacteria inactivation in well water. Materials & Methods: We performed an experimental-laboratory study that the effect of nanoparticles type Zero valent iron (ZVI), Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Zinc oxide (ZnO)) in constant contact time (30 min) and nanoparticles dose (1 g/L) was investigated on heterotrophic bacteria inactivation. Results: The results showed that TiO2 was detected more effective than ZnO and ZVI. The HPC inactivation after 30 min of retention time by TiO2, ZnO and ZVI nanoparticles were 71.5, 50 and 36.4 as percent, respectively. The maximum bacteria inactivation was 98.82% in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. Conclusions: It is concluded that nanoparticles used in this study could be effectively used to increase the efficiency of removing heterotrophic bacteria from water and can be considered for microorganisms’ inactivation

MAPPING LOCAL PATTERNS OF CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT AND WASTING IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES BETWEEN 2000 AND 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic