Data for: Migration model of hydrocarbons in the slope of the superimposed foreland basin: A case study from the South Junggar, NW China

Migration model of hydrocarbons in the slope of the superimposed foreland basin: A case study from the South Junggar Basin, NW Chin

Scatter plots of global bivariate Moran’s I indexes in two regions.

Scatter plots of global bivariate Moran’s I indexes in two regions.</p

Change trends of urban population in the Northeast region and the Yangtze River Delta.

Change trends of urban population in the Northeast region and the Yangtze River Delta.</p

Results of the interaction detector.

Notes: (a) Values in brackets are q statistics; (b) The full name of each indicator can be found in Table 1.</p

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Exploring the complex relationship between population change and surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect has important practical significance for the ecological transformation development of shrinking cities in the context of the prevalence of urban shrinkage and the global climate change. This paper compares the population change and SUHI effect between population shrinking region (Northeast Region, NR) and population growing region (Yangtze River Delta, YRD) in China, and explores their differences in driving mechanisms, using GIS spatial analysis and Geodetector model. Our results indicated that there are significant differences in population changes and SUHI intensity between these two regions. About 72.22% of the cities in the NR were shrinking, while their SUHI intensities increased by an average of 1.69°C. On the contrary, the urban population in the YRD shows a linear growth trend, while their SUHI intensities decreased by 0.11°C on average. The results of bivariate Moran’s I index also indicated that the spatial correlation between the urban population changes and the SUHI intensity changes are not significant in the above regions. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the primary drivers of SUHI variations between these two regions. In the NR, underlying surface changes, including the changes of green coverage and built-up areas, are the most important driving factors. However, atmospheric environment changes, such as carbon dioxide emission and sulfur dioxide emission, are the key drivers in the YRD. Northam’s theory of three-stage urbanization and environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis are powerful to explain these differences.</div

Technical flow chart of the calculation and analysis of SUHI intensity.

Abbreviation. ISP: impervious surface parcel; LST: land surface temperature; SUHI: surface urban heat island.</p

Explanatory power of each driver in two regions.

Notes: (a) Values in brackets are q statistics; (b) The full name of each indicator can be found in Table 1.</p

Preliminarily selection of driving factors on the change of SUHI intensity.

Preliminarily selection of driving factors on the change of SUHI intensity.</p

Driving mechanism of socio-economic factors on SUHI effect.

Driving mechanism of socio-economic factors on SUHI effect.</p

A Molecular Theory for Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Nematic Ordering, Shape Deformation, and Mechanical Response

Modeling liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) at the molecular level is crucial for the predictable design of energy-conversion- and stimuli-responsive materials. Here, we develop a self-consistent field theory for LCEs that captures the coupling between nematic ordering, backbone alignment, and network deformation. Molecular features such as the density of elastic strands, strength and architecture of local chemical hinge, and LC grafting density are systematically included. Cross-linking suppresses nematic ordering as a result of the elastic energy stored during network deformation. Higher work capacity can be achieved by less cross-linked LCEs. The spontaneous shape change of end-on side-chain LCEs can be either elongation or contraction, depending on the competition between the local and global couplings. Adjusting the LC grafting density is found to be an effective way to fine-tune the deformation mode. We elucidate a universal scaling relationship between the transition temperature and the shear modulus as TNI,0 – TNI ∼ μ*4/5. Furthermore, we predict that the first-order nematic phase transition can be degraded in a continuous manner upon applied stress. Coupled with nematic ordering, the mechanical response of LCEs significantly deviates from the classical rubber elasticity. A plateau in the stress–deformation curve appears, accompanied by the nematic phase transition. Our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature