57 research outputs found

    Un marco desde la economía política crítica sobre la relación de la producción entre iguales y el capitalismo

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    Este artículo examina la relación entre la producción entre iguales (P2P) y el capitalismo en un nivel sistémico y teórico. Un problema en la comprensión de la producción entre iguales como una alternativa y potencialmente como un modo de producción que compita con el capitalismo es que la mayor parte de la teoría económica trata sólo con el capitalismo. Las teorías económicas alternativas desde el emergente movimiento teórico P2P han hecho importantes trabajos pioneros sobre la producción entre iguales basada en los bienes comunes (commons), y en discutir la sustentabilidad como un modo de producción tanto en un nivel sistémico como individual dentro del capitalismo. Este artículo argumenta que las desventajas del marco teórico del movimiento P2P, comparado con uno marxista, tienen sus raíces en un sesgo evolucionista, y el texto intenta situar la producción entre iguales más claramente entre los trabajos del capital, y en relación con una comprensión marxista del potencial para la agencia política y los contrapoderes que pueden emerger desde el exterior del capital.This article examines the relation between peer production and capitalism on a systemic and theoretical level. One problem with understanding peer production as an alternative and potentially competing mode of production in relation to capitalism is that the main bulk of economic theory deals only with capitalism. Alternative economic theories from an emerging theoretical P2P movement have done important pioneer work on commons-based peer production, and in discussing its sustainability as a mode of production both on a systemic and individual level (for the peer producers) within capitalism. This article argues that the disadvantages of the P2P movement’s theoretical framework, compared to a Marxist one, have their roots in an evolutionist motif, and the article aims to situate peer production more clearly in relation to the workings of capital, and in relation to a Marxist understanding of the potential for political agencies and counter-powers to emerge from capital’s outside.Este artigo examina a relação entre a produção peer-to-peer (P2P) e o capitalismo em um nível sistêmico e teórico. Um problema na compreensão da produção de pares como uma alternativa e potencialmente como um modo de produção que compete com o capitalismo é que a maior parte da teoria econômica se refere apenas ao capitalismo. Teorias econômicas alternativas do emergente movimento teórico P2P fizeram importantes trabalhos pioneiros sobre a produção de pares baseados no commons, e discutiram a sustentabilidade como um modo de produção tanto no nível sistêmico quanto individual dentro do capitalismo. Este artigo argumenta que as desvantagens das teorias do movimento P2P, em comparação com as marxistas, estão enraizadas em um viés evolucionário, e o texto tenta colocar a produção entre iguais de forma mais clara entre as obras do capital e em relação à compreensão marxista do potencial de agência política e os contrapoderes que podem surgir de fora do capital.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

    Un marco desde la economía política crítica sobre la relación de la producción entre iguales y el capitalismo

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    Este artículo examina la relación entre la producción entre iguales (P2P) y el capitalismo en un nivel sistémico y teórico. Un problema en la comprensión de la producción entre iguales como una alternativa y potencialmente como un modo de producción que compita con el capitalismo es que la mayor parte de la teoría económica trata sólo con el capitalismo. Las teorías económicas alternativas desde el emergente movimiento teórico P2P han hecho importantes trabajos pioneros sobre la producción entre iguales basada en los bienes comunes (commons), y en discutir la sustentabilidad como un modo de producción tanto en un nivel sistémico como individual dentro del capitalismo. Este artículo argumenta que las desventajas del marco teórico del movimiento P2P, comparado con uno marxista, tienen sus raíces en un sesgo evolucionista, y el texto intenta situar la producción entre iguales más claramente entre los trabajos del capital, y en relación con una comprensión marxista del potencial para la agencia política y los contrapoderes que pueden emerger desde el exterior del capital.This article examines the relation between peer production and capitalism on a systemic and theoretical level. One problem with understanding peer production as an alternative and potentially competing mode of production in relation to capitalism is that the main bulk of economic theory deals only with capitalism. Alternative economic theories from an emerging theoretical P2P movement have done important pioneer work on commons-based peer production, and in discussing its sustainability as a mode of production both on a systemic and individual level (for the peer producers) within capitalism. This article argues that the disadvantages of the P2P movement’s theoretical framework, compared to a Marxist one, have their roots in an evolutionist motif, and the article aims to situate peer production more clearly in relation to the workings of capital, and in relation to a Marxist understanding of the potential for political agencies and counter-powers to emerge from capital’s outside.Este artigo examina a relação entre a produção peer-to-peer (P2P) e o capitalismo em um nível sistêmico e teórico. Um problema na compreensão da produção de pares como uma alternativa e potencialmente como um modo de produção que compete com o capitalismo é que a maior parte da teoria econômica se refere apenas ao capitalismo. Teorias econômicas alternativas do emergente movimento teórico P2P fizeram importantes trabalhos pioneiros sobre a produção de pares baseados no commons, e discutiram a sustentabilidade como um modo de produção tanto no nível sistêmico quanto individual dentro do capitalismo. Este artigo argumenta que as desvantagens das teorias do movimento P2P, em comparação com as marxistas, estão enraizadas em um viés evolucionário, e o texto tenta colocar a produção entre iguais de forma mais clara entre as obras do capital e em relação à compreensão marxista do potencial de agência política e os contrapoderes que podem surgir de fora do capital.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

    A Critical Political Economic Framework for Peer Production’s Relation to Capitalism

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    This article examines the relation between peer production and capitalism on a systemic and theoretical level. One problem with understanding peer production as an alternative and potentially competing mode of production in relation to capitalism is that the main bulk of economic theory deals only with capitalism. Alternative economic theories from an emerging theoretical P2P movement have done important pioneer work on commons-based peer production, and in discussing its sustainability as a mode of production both on a systemic and individual level (for the peer producers) within capitalism. This article argues that the disadvantages of the P2P movement’s theoretical framework, compared to a Marxist one, have their roots in an evolutionist motif, and the article aims to situate peer production more clearly in relation to the workings of capital, and in relation to a Marxist understanding of the potential for political agencies and counter-powers to emerge from capital’s outside.Este artículo examina la relación entre la producción entre iguales (P2P) y el capitalismo en un nivel sistémico y teórico. Un problema en la comprensión de la producción entre iguales como una alternativa y potencialmente como un modo de producción que compita con el capitalismo es que la mayor parte de la teoría económica trata sólo con el capitalismo. Las teorías económicas alternativas desde el emergente movimiento teórico P2P han hecho importantes trabajos pioneros sobre la producción entre iguales basada en los bienes comunes (commons), y en discutir la sustentabilidad como un modo de producción tanto en un nivel sistémico como individual dentro del capitalismo. Este artículo argumenta que las desventajas del marco teórico del movimiento P2P, comparado con uno marxista, tienen sus raíces en un sesgo evolucionista, y el texto intenta situar la producción entre iguales más claramente entre los trabajos del capital, y en relación con una comprensión marxista del potencial para la agencia política y los contrapoderes que pueden emerger desde el exterior del capital.Este artigo examina a relação entre a produção peer-to-peer (P2P) e o capitalismo em um nível sistêmico e teórico. Um problema na compreensão da produção de pares como uma alternativa e potencialmente como um modo de produção que compete com o capitalismo é que a maior parte da teoria econômica se refere apenas ao capitalismo. Teorias econômicas alternativas do emergente movimento teórico P2P fizeram importantes trabalhos pioneiros sobre a produção de pares baseados no commons, e discutiram a sustentabilidade como um modo de produção tanto no nível sistêmico quanto individual dentro do capitalismo. Este artigo argumenta que as desvantagens das teorias do movimento P2P, em comparação com as marxistas, estão enraizadas em um viés evolucionário, e o texto tenta colocar a produção entre iguais de forma mais clara entre as obras do capital e em relação à compreensão marxista do potencial de agência política e os contrapoderes que podem surgir de fora do capital

    Un marco desde la economía política crítica sobre la relación de la producción entre iguales y el capitalismo

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    Este artículo examina la relación entre la producción entre iguales (P2P) y el capitalismo en un nivel sistémico y teórico. Un problema en la comprensión de la producción entre iguales como una alternativa y potencialmente como un modo de producción que compita con el capitalismo es que la mayor parte de la teoría económica trata sólo con el capitalismo. Las teorías económicas alternativas desde el emergente movimiento teórico P2P han hecho importantes trabajos pioneros sobre la producción entre iguales basada en los bienes comunes (commons), y en discutir la sustentabilidad como un modo de producción tanto en un nivel sistémico como individual dentro del capitalismo. Este artículo argumenta que las desventajas del marco teórico del movimiento P2P, comparado con uno marxista, tienen sus raíces en un sesgo evolucionista, y el texto intenta situar la producción entre iguales más claramente entre los trabajos del capital, y en relación con una comprensión marxista del potencial para la agencia política y los contrapoderes que pueden emerger desde el exterior del capital.This article examines the relation between peer production and capitalism on a systemic and theoretical level. One problem with understanding peer production as an alternative and potentially competing mode of production in relation to capitalism is that the main bulk of economic theory deals only with capitalism. Alternative economic theories from an emerging theoretical P2P movement have done important pioneer work on commons-based peer production, and in discussing its sustainability as a mode of production both on a systemic and individual level (for the peer producers) within capitalism. This article argues that the disadvantages of the P2P movement’s theoretical framework, compared to a Marxist one, have their roots in an evolutionist motif, and the article aims to situate peer production more clearly in relation to the workings of capital, and in relation to a Marxist understanding of the potential for political agencies and counter-powers to emerge from capital’s outside.Este artigo examina a relação entre a produção peer-to-peer (P2P) e o capitalismo em um nível sistêmico e teórico. Um problema na compreensão da produção de pares como uma alternativa e potencialmente como um modo de produção que compete com o capitalismo é que a maior parte da teoria econômica se refere apenas ao capitalismo. Teorias econômicas alternativas do emergente movimento teórico P2P fizeram importantes trabalhos pioneiros sobre a produção de pares baseados no commons, e discutiram a sustentabilidade como um modo de produção tanto no nível sistêmico quanto individual dentro do capitalismo. Este artigo argumenta que as desvantagens das teorias do movimento P2P, em comparação com as marxistas, estão enraizadas em um viés evolucionário, e o texto tenta colocar a produção entre iguais de forma mais clara entre as obras do capital e em relação à compreensão marxista do potencial de agência política e os contrapoderes que podem surgir de fora do capital.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

    Un Marco desde la economía política crítica sobre la relación de la producción entre pares y el capitalismo

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    Este artículo examina la relación entre la producción entre iguales (P2P) y el capitalismo en un nivel sistémico y teórico. Un problema en la comprensión de la producción entre iguales como una alternativa y potencialmente como un modo de producción que compita con el capitalismo es que la mayor parte de la teoría económica trata sólo con el capitalismo. Las teorías económicas alternativas desde el emergente movimiento teórico P2P han hecho importantes trabajos pioneros sobre la producción entre iguales basada en los bienes comunes (commons), y en discutir la sustentabilidad como un modo de producción tanto en un nivel sistémico como individual dentro del capitalismo. Este artículo argumenta que las desventajas del marco teórico del movimiento P2P, comparado con uno marxista, tienen sus raíces en un sesgo evolucionista, y el texto intenta situar la producción entre iguales más claramente entre los trabajos del capital, y en relación con una comprensión marxista del potencial para la agencia política y los contrapoderes que pueden emerger desde el exterior del capital.This article examines the relation between peer production and capitalism on a systemic and theoretical level. One problem with understanding peer production as an alternative and potentially competing mode of production in relation to capitalism is that the main bulk of economic theory deals only with capitalism. Alternative economic theories from an emerging theoretical P2P movement have done important pioneer work on commons-based peer production, and in discussing its sustainability as a mode of production both on a systemic and individual level (for the peer producers) within capitalism. This article argues that the disadvantages of the P2P movement’s theoretical framework, compared to a Marxist one, have their roots in an evolutionist motif, and the article aims to situate peer production more clearly in relation to the workings of capital, and in relation to a Marxist understanding of the potential for political agencies and counter-powers to emerge from capital’s outside.

    Wikipedians on wage labour within peer production

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    Playing, Gaming, Working and Labouring [Elektronisk resurs] : Framing the Concepts and Relations

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    The aim of this article is to define the concepts of playing, working, gaming, and labouring, through a literature study, and to construct a typology. This typology will be used to create a field model that is structured by the horizontal parameters of qualitative-quantitative (characteristics) and the vertical parameters of activity-result (in focus). It is shown how this model can be used to visualise different theoretical positions in empirical material, which connects to the concepts and their relations. Working and labouring are distinguished into a trans-historical and a historical, capitalist, category, and likewise playing and gaming, where the former is the trans-historical category and the latter the historical one. The main focus of the article, since working and labouring is well covered within the critical Marxist tradition, is on playing and its relation to working, with the aim of understanding and criticising the concept of playbour.</p

    Wikipedia, work and capitalism : a realm of freedom?

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    The peer production of free and open software and Wikipedia has produced use value that competes with commercial exchange value and shown that people are not only motivated by economic self-interest. The peer production of Wikipedia differs from other open cooperative communities in ways that inform this study of how the Wikipedians perceive peer production’s place, influence and potential within society’s economy. Unlike free software, Wikipedia is largely based on amateurs and non-professional participants. The broad number of participants, largely comprising of amateurs, who create an encyclopaedia, has turned a number of ingrained opinions about job sharing and specialisation upside-down. Marx's idea that no one in the communist society has an exclusive occupation but instead can realise themselves in whatever sector they wish, appears to be slightly more achievable bearing Wikipedia in mind. Peer production explores the possibility of creating a public economy based on these mechanisms and on an autonomous internet, but not necessarily antagonistic in relation to capital. According to some social scientists the idea of evolution is key for the P2P principles, which are often set against an antagonistic interpretation of social production in Marxism. Peer production has thus the potential of introducing new political thoughts in Marxism.Working paper</p

    The Open Data Movement in the Age of Big Data Capitalism

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    The digital world has transformed the conditions for discussing freedom within liberalism. Private property more obviously clashes with the freedom of speech (the public sphere), when the costs of mediated and reproduced art, journalism, information and literature nears zero and the exchange of these takes fluid forms, similar to social communication. The concept of “open”, similar but still opposite to “free”, has taken on an accentuated ideological importance in this context, but so have also alternative visions of intellectual commons. This article contains a case study of Open Knowledge Network’s perspective on openness’ relation to private property and capitalism in the informational field. It does so first through an analysis of the network’s understanding of the copyleft principle, and second through an analysis of the organisation’s view on open business models. A theoretical reading of classical political perspectives on the concept of freedom supports the analysis. One result is the identification of a central ideological lacuna in absent discussions of unconditionally opened-up resources that strengthen the accumulation cycle of capital. This logic favours the negative freedom of closed business models in the competition with open ones that could foster more positive notions of freedom, although open business models are generally advocated and commons are mentioned as desirable. In a dominant ideological formation, openness is used to promote its opposite in the economic field.WIAS International Research Fellowship Programme 2016/201

    Frihetens rike : Wikipedianer om sin praktik, sitt produktionssätt och kapitalismen

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    This study is about voluntary productive activities in digital networks and on digital platforms that often are described as pleasur­able. The aim of the study is to relate the peer producers’ perceptions of their activities on a micro level in terms of play, game, work and labour, to their views on Wikipedia’s relation to capitalism on a macro level, to compare the identified ideological formations on both levels and how they relate to each other, and finally compare the identi­fied ideological formations with contemporary Marxist theory on cognitive capitalism. The intention is to perform a critical evaluation of the economic role of peer production in society.Qualitative and semi-structured interviews with eight Wikipedians active within the Swedish language version of Wikipedia con­stitute the empirical base of the study together with one public lecture by a Wikipedian on the encyclopaedia and a selection of pages in the encyclopaedia that are text analysed. The transcribed interviews have been analysed using a version of ideological analysis as it has been developed by the Gothenburg School. The views on the peer producing activities on the micro level has been analysed in a dialecti­cal way but is also grounded in a specific field model.Six ideological formations are identified in the empirical material. On the micro level: the peripheral, bottom-up- and top-down-formation, on the macro level: the Californian alikeness ideology, communism of capital and capitalism of communism. Communism of capital has two sides to it: one stresses the synergies and the other the conflicts between the two phenomena. The formations on the macro level conform broadly to contemporary Marxist theory, but there are important differ­ences as well. The study results in a hypothesis that the critical side of communism of capital and the peripheral and bottom-up-formation could help to further a more sustainable capitalism of communism, and counteract a deeper integra­tion of the top-down-formation with Californian alikeness ideology. The latter is the main risk of capitalist co-optation of the peer produc­tion that is underway as the manifestly dominant formations on the macro level are Californian alikeness ideology and communism of capital.© 2015 Arwid Lund, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/</p
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