Caracterización de la dinámica de emergencia de cuatro especies poáceas en el departamento Moreno (Santiago del Estero)

Trabajo Final para obtener el grado de Especialista en Protección Vegetal, de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, en 2018En las regiones del NEA y NOA argentino, las gramíneas predominan dentro de la comunidad de malezas y son la principal limitante en los planteos productivos. En este sentido, el conocimiento de sus flujos de emergencia es imprescindible para el diseño de estrategias de manejo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar la dinámica de emergencia para el período agosto-enero de las especies malezas: Urochloa panicoides, Echinochloa colona, Chloris elata y Pappophorum papiferum en el departamento Moreno (Santiago del Estero) en relación a 2 variables ambientales: precipitaciones y temperatura del aire (esta última a través del cálculo de sumas térmicas en grados días). Durante los años 2014 a 2017 se realizaron conteos destructivos de plántulas cada 10-15 días sobre 4 marcos de 0,25 m2, distribuidos al azar sobre rodales donde estas malezas se hallaban. Los datos de temperatura diaria y precipitaciones se obtuvieron de estaciones meteorológicas automáticas y pluviómetros "in situ". Las condiciones ambientales durante el periodo de evaluación permitieron caracterizar la dinámica en escenarios diversos con relación a la oferta y distribución de los eventos pluviométricos, como así también a través de las sumas térmicas, con la excepción de P. papiferum donde no fue posible el cálculo de grados días. C. elata y P. papiferum nacen a partir de septiembre sí disponen de humedad y concentran los mayores porcentajes de emergencia acumulada en el mes de noviembre. U. panicoides centralizó su emergencia a fines de octubre y primeros días de noviembre, donde rápidamente alcanza valores de emergencia acumulada cercana al 90% o superior en una de sus cohortes. Durante los meses previos, los nacimientos son prácticamente nulos, aún en condiciones no limitantes de humedad. E. colona concentro su emergencia a fines de octubre y primeros días de noviembre en 2 cohortes, representando cada una de ellas entre un 30 y 50% de la emergencia acumulada. C. elata puede germinar a partir de los 200 grados días. U. panicoides y E. colona requirieron en promedio 968 y 723 grados días, respectivamente para comenzar a emerger.In the NEA and Argentine NOA regions, grasses predominate within the weed community and are the main limiting factor in the agricultural fields. This is why their emergency flows knowledge is essential for the design of management strategies. In this paper the main goal was to characterize the emergency dynamics for the august-january period of weeds species: Urochloa panicoides, Echinochloa colona, Chloris elata and Pappophorum papiferum in the Moreno department (Santiago del Estero), taking into consideration the relation between two environmental variables: rainfall and air temperature (this one through calculation of thermal sums in days degrees). From years 2014 to 2017, destructive counts of seedlings were made every 10-15 days on 4 frames of 0.25 m2, randomly distributed over patches where these weeds were found. The daily temperature and precipitation data were obtained from automatic weather stations and "in situ" rain gauges. In the evaluation period, environmental conditions allowed us to characterize the dynamics in different scenarios related to the supply and distribution of rainfall events, as well as through thermal sums, with the exception of P. papiferum where the calculation of days degrees was not realized. P. papiferum and C. elata started to emerge in september if they have enough humidity and concentrate the highest accumulated emergency rates in november. U. panicoides centralized its emergency at the end of october and the beggining of november, when it quickly reached cumulative emergency values close to 90% or higher in one of its cohorts. In the previous months, seed borns were practically nil, even in non-limiting humidity conditions. E. colona concentrated its emergency at the end of October and the first week of November in 2 cohorts, each one representing between 30 and 50% of the cumulative emergency. C. elata can germinate after 200 days degrees. U. panicoides and E. colona required an average of 968 and 723 days degrees, respectively, to begin to emerge.EEA QuimiliFil: Luna, Ignacio Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; Argentina

Pulgón Amarillo del Sorgo en la República Argentina. Distribución, impacto, biología y manejo

Programa pAT Protección Vegetal. Centros Regionales Entre Ríos, Chaco-Formosa, Santa Fe, Tucumán-Santiago del Estero y Córdoba del INTAEEA ParanáFil: Saluso, Adriana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Casuso, Violeta Macarena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Las Breñas; ArgentinaFil: Tarrago, Jose Ramon. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Las Breñas; ArgentinaFil: Szwarc, Diego Ernesto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Luna, Ignacio Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; ArgentinaFil: Druetta, Marcelo Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; ArgentinaFil: Trumper, Eduardo Victor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; Argentin

Genetically determined Amerindian ancestry correlates with increased frequency of risk alleles for systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective To assess whether genetically determined Amerindian ancestry predicts increased presence of risk alleles of known susceptibility genes for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 16 confirmed genetic susceptibility loci for SLE were genotyped in a set of 804 Mestizo lupus patients and 667 Mestizo healthy controls. In addition, 347 admixture informative markers were genotyped. Individual ancestry proportions were determined using STRUCTURE. Association analysis was performed using PLINK, and correlation between ancestry and the presence of risk alleles was analyzed using linear regression. Results A meta-analysis of the genetic association of the 16 SNPs across populations showed that TNFSF4 , STAT4 , ITGAM , and IRF5 were associated with lupus in a Hispanic Mestizo cohort enriched for European and Amerindian ancestry. In addition, 2 SNPs within the major histocompatibility complex region, previously shown to be associated in a genome-wide association study in Europeans, were also associated in Mestizos. Using linear regression, we predicted an average increase of 2.34 risk alleles when comparing an SLE patient with 100% Amerindian ancestry versus an SLE patient with 0% Amerindian ancestry ( P < 0.0001). SLE patients with 43% more Amerindian ancestry were predicted to carry 1 additional risk allele. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that Amerindian ancestry is associated with an increased number of risk alleles for SLE.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78480/1/27753_ftp.pd

ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of severe community-acquired pneumonia

BACKGROUND: Severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and while European and non-European guidelines are available for community-acquired pneumonia, there are no specific guidelines for sCAP. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT) launched a task force to develop the first international guidelines for sCAP. The panel comprised a total of 18 European and four non-European experts, as well as two methodologists. Eight clinical questions for sCAP diagnosis and treatment were chosen to be addressed. Systematic literature searches were performed in several databases. Meta-analyses were performed for evidence synthesis, whenever possible. The quality of evidence was assessed with GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Evidence to Decision frameworks were used to decide on the direction and strength of recommendations. RESULTS: Recommendations issued were related to diagnosis, antibiotics, organ support, biomarkers and co-adjuvant therapy. After considering the confidence in effect estimates, the importance of outcomes studied, desirable and undesirable consequences of treatment, cost, feasibility, acceptability of the intervention and implications to health equity, recommendations were made for or against specific treatment interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In these international guidelines, ERS, ESICM, ESCMID and ALAT provide evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for diagnosis, empirical treatment and antibiotic therapy for sCAP, following the GRADE approach. Furthermore, current knowledge gaps have been highlighted and recommendations for future research have been made

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

Endothelial adhesion molecules and multiple organ failure in patients with severe sepsis

Objective To determine if serum levels of endothelial adhesion molecules were associated with the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) and in-hospital mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis. Design This study was a secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study. Setting Patients were admitted to two tertiary intensive care units in San Antonio, TX, between 2007 and 2012. Patients Patients with severe sepsis at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were consistent with previously published criteria for severe sepsis or septic shock in adults. Exclusion criteria included immunosuppressive medications or conditions. Interventions None. Measurements Baseline serum levels of the following endothelial cell adhesion molecules were measured within the first 72\ua0h of ICU admission: Intracellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The primary and secondary outcomes were development of MOF (\u2a7e2 organ dysfunction) and in-hospital mortality, respectively. Main results Forty-eight patients were enrolled in this study, of which 29 (60%) developed MOF. Patients that developed MOF had higher levels of VCAM-1 (p\ua0=\ua00.01) and ICAM-1 (p\ua0=\ua00.01), but not VEGF (p\ua0=\ua00.70) compared with patients without MOF (single organ failure only). The area under the curve (AUC) to predict MOF according to VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and VEGF was 0.71, 0.73, and 0.54, respectively. Only increased VCAM-1 levels were associated with in-hospital mortality (p\ua0=\ua00.03). These associations were maintained even after adjusting for APACHE and SOFA scores using logistic regression. Conclusions High levels of serum ICAM-1 was associated with the development of MOF. High levels of VCAM-1 was associated with both MOF and in-hospital mortality