43 research outputs found

    Table1.XLSX

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    <p>Comprehensive RNA analyses in individual cells in their native spatial contexts promise to transform our understanding of normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. Here we report a single-cell in situ RNA analysis approach using switchable fluorescent oligonucleotides (SFO). In this method, transcripts are first hybridized by pre-decoding oligonucleotides. These oligonucleotides subsequently recruit SFO to stain their corresponding RNA targets. After fluorescence imaging, all the SFO in the whole specimen are simultaneously removed by DNA strand displacement reactions. Through continuous cycles of target staining, fluorescence imaging, and SFO removal, a large number of different transcripts can be identified by unique fluorophore sequences and visualized at the optical resolution. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we show that the hybridized SFO can be efficiently stripped by strand displacement reactions within 30 min. We also demonstrate that this SFO removal process maintains the integrity of the RNA targets and the pre-decoding oligonucleotides, and keeps them hybridized. Applying this approach, we show that transcripts can be restained in at least eight hybridization cycles with high analysis accuracy, which theoretically would enable the whole transcriptome to be quantified at the single molecule sensitivity in individual cells. This in situ RNA analysis technology will have wide applications in systems biology, molecular diagnosis, and targeted therapies.</p

    Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance of Copolymers Containing Thiophene Unit with D–A Conjugated Side Chain by Rational Molecular Design

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    Rational molecular design of conjugated polymers and cautious optimization of morphologies of the active layer are critical for developing high performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, we designed and synthesized a new thiophene monomer TBTF attaching donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated side chain with fluorinated 4,7-dithien-5-yl-2,1,3-benzodiathiazole (BTF) as acceptor unit, and synthesized two new two-dimension-conjugated (2D-conjugated) copolymers, <b>P­(BDT-TBTF)</b> and <b>P­(BDT-TBTF/DPP)</b>, for the application as donor materials in PSCs. <b>P­(BDT-TBTF)</b> is a new side chain D–A copolymer of benzodithiophene (BDT) and TBTF units, and <b>P­(BDT-TBTF/DPP)</b> is a ternary D–A copolymer of BDT, TBTF and pyrrolo­[3,4-c]­pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) units. The introduction of TBTF unit with D–A conjugated side chain and DPP unit forming the ternary copolymer provides the opportunity to tune the optoelectronic properties of the resulting polymers. As expected, the binary copolymer <b>P­(BDT-TBTF)</b> shows an enhanced absorption coefficient and lower-lying HOMO energy level, and the ternary copolymer <b>P­(BDT-TBTF/DPP)</b> possesses a small bandgap and quite broad absorption band matched well with solar spectrum. These features are beneficial to achieving reasonable high short-circuit current (<i>J</i><sub>sc</sub>) and high open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>oc</sub>). Bulk-heterojunction PSCs based on <b>P­(BDT-TBTF)</b> showed an initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.66% with a high <i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> of 0.88 V and a <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> of 11.23 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>, whereas <b>P­(BDT-TBTF/DDP)</b> gave a PCE of 3.51% along with a higher <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> of 13.15 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>. The <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> and PCE of the devices were further improved by a simple methanol treatment, to 13.21 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> and 6.21% for <b>P­(BDT-TBTF)</b> and 14.56 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> and 5% for <b>P­(BDT-TBTF/DPP),</b> respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the PCE of 6.21% is the highest value reported for PSCs based on side chain D–A copolymers to date. This is a good example for a subtle tuning absorption properties, energy levels, charge transport and photovoltaic properties of the polymers by rational molecular design

    Data_Sheet_2_The dose-effect relationship of acupuncture on limb dysfunction after acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.ZIP

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    ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dose and efficacy of acupuncture in treating limb dysfunction during acute stroke.MethodsStudies were searched from seven databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data (WF), VIP information database (VIP), and China Biology Medicine Database (CBM). All databases were searched until August 1, 2023 from inception. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool (RoB2). Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan V.5.4 and Stata 12.0 statistical software. We used Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) to measure recovery of limb dysfunction, NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to measure neurological deficits, and Barthel index, Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) to measure activities of daily living. The primary outcome measure is FMA. After examining and integrating the raw data, we performed a meta-analysis using a 3-step process. First, we investigated the dose-related effects of acupuncture at varying doses and determined the optimal dosage for maximum therapeutic benefits. Second, we determined the difference between post-intervention and baseline scores on the outcomes of interest to determine minimal clinically important differences (MCID) to provide evidence for clinical treatment. Third, by combining the results of step 1 and step 2, we made the recommendations employing the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool.ResultsTwenty-six studies containing 1947 participants were included, among which 61.5% of RCTs had a low risk of bias. Through the three-step analysis, the effect in improving limb dysfunction of acute stroke varied across different acupuncture dosages. Regarding the frequency of acupuncture, the results demonstrated a significant improvement in the low (every other day) and moderate-frequency (once a day) groups (low frequency: MD: 9.02, 95%CI: 5.40–12.64, p 2 = 0%). For the acupuncture retention time, the results showed no significant difference between the short and medium retention groups (short retention time: MD: 0.05, 95% CI: −0.21–0.31, p = 0.71; medium retention time: MD: −1.16, 95% CI: −2.80–0.48, p = 0.17, heterogeneity (p 2 = 99%). For the course of acupuncture, the results showed a significant improvement in the short course treatment (less than 2 weeks) group (MD: 14.87, 95% CI: 12.18–17.56, p 2 = 0%).ConclusionOur study demonstrated the effectiveness of different acupuncture dose in improving limb dysfunction. The pooled data suggested that the optimal intervention dose for acupuncture interval time was low (every other day) and moderate frequency (once a day), the optimal intervention dose for needle course time was short course treatment (less than 2 weeks). But we did not find the optimal intervention dose for needle retention time. Future studies of higher quality are needed to confirm this.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42023447202.</p

    Data_Sheet_1_The dose-effect relationship of acupuncture on limb dysfunction after acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PDF

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    ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dose and efficacy of acupuncture in treating limb dysfunction during acute stroke.MethodsStudies were searched from seven databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data (WF), VIP information database (VIP), and China Biology Medicine Database (CBM). All databases were searched until August 1, 2023 from inception. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool (RoB2). Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan V.5.4 and Stata 12.0 statistical software. We used Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) to measure recovery of limb dysfunction, NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to measure neurological deficits, and Barthel index, Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) to measure activities of daily living. The primary outcome measure is FMA. After examining and integrating the raw data, we performed a meta-analysis using a 3-step process. First, we investigated the dose-related effects of acupuncture at varying doses and determined the optimal dosage for maximum therapeutic benefits. Second, we determined the difference between post-intervention and baseline scores on the outcomes of interest to determine minimal clinically important differences (MCID) to provide evidence for clinical treatment. Third, by combining the results of step 1 and step 2, we made the recommendations employing the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool.ResultsTwenty-six studies containing 1947 participants were included, among which 61.5% of RCTs had a low risk of bias. Through the three-step analysis, the effect in improving limb dysfunction of acute stroke varied across different acupuncture dosages. Regarding the frequency of acupuncture, the results demonstrated a significant improvement in the low (every other day) and moderate-frequency (once a day) groups (low frequency: MD: 9.02, 95%CI: 5.40–12.64, p 2 = 0%). For the acupuncture retention time, the results showed no significant difference between the short and medium retention groups (short retention time: MD: 0.05, 95% CI: −0.21–0.31, p = 0.71; medium retention time: MD: −1.16, 95% CI: −2.80–0.48, p = 0.17, heterogeneity (p 2 = 99%). For the course of acupuncture, the results showed a significant improvement in the short course treatment (less than 2 weeks) group (MD: 14.87, 95% CI: 12.18–17.56, p 2 = 0%).ConclusionOur study demonstrated the effectiveness of different acupuncture dose in improving limb dysfunction. The pooled data suggested that the optimal intervention dose for acupuncture interval time was low (every other day) and moderate frequency (once a day), the optimal intervention dose for needle course time was short course treatment (less than 2 weeks). But we did not find the optimal intervention dose for needle retention time. Future studies of higher quality are needed to confirm this.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42023447202.</p

    SNP Index and ΔSNP Index Manhattan Plots.

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    <p>(a) SNP index Manhattan plot of the brown-seeded pool from the BC4 population; (b) SNP index Manhattan plot of the yellow-seeded pool from the BC4 population; (c) ΔSNP index Manhattan plot. The blue line indicates the threshold value.</p

    Table_1_Bibliometric review of 1992–2022 publications on acupuncture for cognitive impairment.xls

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    ObjectiveTo explore the development context, research hotspots, and frontiers of acupuncture therapy for cognitive impairment (CI) from 1992 to 2022 by visualization analysis.MethodsArticles about acupuncture therapy for cognitive impairment were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) until 1 March 2022. Basic information was collected by Excel 2007, and VOSviewer 1.6.17 was used to analyze the co-occurrence of countries, institutes, and authors. Co-citation maps of authors and references were analyzed by CiteSpace V.5.8.R3. In addition, CiteSpace was used to analyze keyword clusters and forecast research frontiers.ResultsA total of 279 articles were retrieved, including articles from 19 countries, 334 research institutes, and 101 academic journals. The most published country and institutes were the People's Republic of China (217) and the Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (40). Ronald C Petersen owned the highest co-citations (56). Keywords and co-cited references cluster showed the main research directions in this area, including “ischemic stroke,” “cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,” “mild cognitive impairment,” “Alzheimer's disease,” “vascular dementia,” “vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia,” “multi-infarct dementia,” “synaptic injury,” “functional MRI,” “glucose metabolism,” “NMDA,” “nuclear factor-kappa b pathway,” “neurotrophic factor,” “matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2),” “tumor necrosis factor-alpha,” “Bax,” “Caspase-3,” and “Noxa”. Trending keywords may indicate frontier topics, such as “randomized controlled trial,” “rat model,” and “meta-analysis.”ConclusionThis research provides valuable information for the study of acupuncture. Diseases focus on mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). Tauopathies with hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein as the main lesions also need to be paid attention to. The development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will better explain the therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment. The effect of acupuncture on a single point is more convincing, and acupuncture on Baihui (GV20) may be needed in the future. Finally, the implementation of high-quality multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCTs) requires increased collaboration among experts from multiple fields and countries.</p

    Amino Acid Sequence Alignment Between BrTT1 in B. rapa and AtTT1 in A. thaliana.

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    <p>Arrows indicate single amino acid changes between BC4F2-Y (yellow) and BC4F2-B (brown) plants.</p

    Relative Expression of BrTT1 in Different Organs of BC4F2 Offspring Plants.

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    <p>DAP: days after pollination. The sampling time of different organs (bud, leaf, root, flower, stem) was 7 DAP. **, extremely significant difference between BC4F2-B and BC4F2-Y plants; *, significant difference between BC4F2-B and BC4F2-Y plants.</p

    DataSheet_13_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

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    ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p

    Data_Sheet_1_Circulating vitamin levels mediate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cholecystitis: a two-step bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.docx

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    BackgroundThe relationship between gut microbiota and the occurrence of cholecystitis remains unclear. Existing research lacks a clear understanding of how circulating vitamin levels modulate this relationship. Therefore, our study aims to investigate whether circulating vitamin levels mediate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cholecystitis using a two-step bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach.MethodsIn this study, we initially employed Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) analysis to assess the genetic correlation of five circulating vitamin level genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets, thereby avoiding potential sample overlap. Subsequently, we conducted a two-step analysis to investigate the causal effects between gut microbiota and cholecystitis. In the second step, we explored the causal relationship between circulating vitamin levels and cholecystitis and identified the mediating role of vitamin D. The primary method used for causal analysis was the inverse variance-weighted approach. We performed additional sensitivity analyses to ensure result robustness, including the cML-MA method and reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.ResultsAn increment of one standard deviation in RuminococcaceaeUCG003 was associated with a 25% increased risk of cholecystitis (OR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.01–1.54, p = 0.04), along with a 3% decrease in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.944–0.998, p = 0.04). However, following the rigorous Bonferroni correction, every one standard deviation decrease in circulating vitamin D levels was associated with a 33% increased risk of cholecystitis (OR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.49–0.90, p = 0.008, Padjust = 0.04). Thus, the potential link between gut microbiota and cholecystitis risk might be mediated by circulating vitamin D levels (proportion mediated = 5.5%). Sensitivity analyses provided no evidence of pleiotropy.ConclusionOur study results suggest that an elevated abundance of specific gut microbiota is associated with an increased susceptibility to cholecystitis, with the causal relationship being mediated by circulating vitamin D levels. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate the causal effects of gut microbiota on cholecystitis risk. This study provides novel insights into cholecystitis prevention through the regulation of gut microbiota.</p
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