Data_Sheet_1_Effects of Litter and Root Manipulations on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community Structure and Function in a Schrenk’s Spruce (Picea schrenkiana) Forest.ZIP

Soil microorganisms are the key driver of the geochemical cycle in forest ecosystem. Changes in litter and roots can affect soil microbial activities and nutrient cycling; however, the impact of this change on soil microbial community composition and function remain unclear. Here, we explored the effects of litter and root manipulations [control (CK), doubled litter input (DL), litter removal (NL), root exclusion (NR), and a combination of litter removal and root exclusion (NI)] on soil bacterial and fungal communities and functional groups during a 2-year field experiment, using illumina HiSeq sequencing coupled with the function prediction platform of PICRUSt and FUNGuild. Our results showed that litter and root removal decreased the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi (AEC, Shannon, and Chao1). The bacterial communities under different treatments were dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes, and NL and NR reduced the relative abundance of the first two phyla. For the fungal communities, Basidiomycetes, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the dominant phyla. DL increased the relative abundance of Basidiomycetes, while NL and NR decreased the relative abundance of Ascomycota. We also found that litter and root manipulations altered the functional groups related to the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, environmental adaptation, cell growth, and death. The functional groups including ectomycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal-orchid mycorrhizal root-associated biotrophs and soil saprotrophs in the fungal community were also different among the different treatments. Soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, and soil water content are important factors driving changes in bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the changes in plant detritus altered the soil microbial community structure and function by affecting soil physicochemical factors, which provides important data for understanding the material cycle of forest ecosystems under global change.</p

The number of migrants among populations of <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> in Guangxi based on the inference of recent migration rates from Structure assignments.

The number of migrants among populations of Spartina alterniflora in Guangxi based on the inference of recent migration rates from Structure assignments.</p

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the six <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> populations in Guangxi, China.

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the six Spartina alterniflora populations in Guangxi, China.</p

Exploring in Situ Functionalization Strategy in a Hard Template Process: Preparation of Sodium-Modified Mesoporous Tetragonal Zirconia with Superbasicity

An in situ functionalization strategy was developed in a hard template process to fabricate mesoporous solid superbases, and sodium-modified mesoporous zirconia (NaMZ) was successfully prepared. The obtained materials were characterized by various methods including XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption, IR spectroscopy, XRF, and CO2 TPD. The results show that the NaMZ materials exhibit well-defined mesostructure, tetragonal crystalline frameworks, and superbasicity with a high strength of 27.0. The NaOH solution plays a double role by removing the silica template SBA-15 and functioning as the guest. The sodium species is thus coated onto the mesoporous zirconia formed in situ. Hence, the fabrication and functionalization of mesoporous zirconia can be realized in one step, which avoids the possible structural damage of nonsiliceous mesoporous oxides in post-treatment. The stability of metastable tetragonal zirconia was found to be due to the confined space provided by the mesoporous silica template and the formation of Si–O–Zr linkages. It was also demonstrated that the NaMZ materials exhibited excellent basic catalytic performance. The turnover frequency (TOF) value on the material NaMZ-2 can reach 95.0 h–1 with 100% selectivity to the target product dimethyl carbonate, which is much higher than the value for the extensively used homogeneous catalyst CH3ONa (45.8 h–1)

Location information, number of sampled individuals, genetic diversity, and recent bottlenecks of the six populations of <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> in Guangxi, China.

Location information, number of sampled individuals, genetic diversity, and recent bottlenecks of the six populations of Spartina alterniflora in Guangxi, China.</p

The dendrogram of the six <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> populations in Guangxi based on genetic distance.

The dendrogram of the six Spartina alterniflora populations in Guangxi based on genetic distance.</p

Ordination diagram of redundancy analysis (RDA) with quadrats, phenotypic traits, and environmental variables (arrows) of population 1-BJ, 4-QS, and 5-XC.

FW: the average fresh weight per plant; DW: the average dry weight per plant, H: the average height; BD: the average basal diameter; N: the average number of nodes of a stem; T: the average annual mean temperature.</p

Contemporary gene flow among populations of <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> in Guangxi, the color shades represented levels of gene flow.

Contemporary gene flow among populations of Spartina alterniflora in Guangxi, the color shades represented levels of gene flow.</p

A redundancy analysis (RDA) of the phenotypic and environmental/geographic variables in population 1-BJ, 4-QS, and 5-XC.

A redundancy analysis (RDA) of the phenotypic and environmental/geographic variables in population 1-BJ, 4-QS, and 5-XC.</p

Nei's genetic identity (above diagonal) and genetic distance (below diagonal) of the six populations of <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> in Guangxi.

Nei's genetic identity (above diagonal) and genetic distance (below diagonal) of the six populations of Spartina alterniflora in Guangxi.</p