Efficiency detection of adiponectin expression in chicken preadipocytes.

<p>(A) GFP observed by fluorescence microscopy 24 h after transfection with pGPU6 recombinant vectors. Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) The expression of <i>adiponectin</i> gene 24 h after transfection with pcDNA3.1-ADPN and pGPU6 recombinant vectors (n = 3). (C) The expression of adiponectin protein at day 2, 3 and 9 after transfection with pcDNA3.1-ADPN and siRNA-3 (n = 3). CK: Control group, pC: pcDNA3.1, pA: pcDNA3.1-ADPN, pG: pGPU6/GFP/Neo, siRNA-1: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-676, siRNA-2: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-751, siRNA-3: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-952, siGH: pGPU6/GFP/Neo- siGAPDH. Values are means ± SEM. vs. control group, * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.01.</p

Adiponectin activates the p38 MAPK/ATF-2 pathway in cultured chicken preadipocytes.

<p>(A) Cells were treated either with recombination vectors alone or with 10 µM SB253580(SB), total proteins were extracted at 30 min after administration of SB253580 and then immunoblotted for total p38MAPK, phospho-p38MAPK (pT180/pY182), total ATF-2 and phospho-ATF-2 (pT71) (n = 3). (B) Representative images of Oil Red O-stained sections of cells at d 9 after treated either with recombination vectors alone or with 10 µM SB253580. (C) Lipid accumulation was assessed by the quantification of A₅₁₀ in destained Oil Red O with isopropyl alcohol (n = 3). Scale bar, 100 µm. CK: Control group, pC: pcDNA3.1, pA: pcDNA3.1-ADPN, pG: pGPU6/GFP/Neo, siRNA-3: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-952, siGH: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-GAPDH. Values are means ± SEM. vs. control group, * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.01. vs. SB253580 treatment group, # <i>P</i><0.05, ## <i>P</i><0.01.</p

Effects of adiponectin on sequential expression of lipogenesis genes and proteins.

<p>(A) Expression levels of adipogenesis genes at day 1, 3 and 9 after transfection with pcDNA3.1-ADPN and siRNA-3 (n = 3). (B) Expression levels of adipogenesis proteins at day 1, 3 and 9 after transfection with pcDNA3.1-ADPN and siRNA-3 (n = 3). CK: Control group, pA: pcDNA3.1-ADPN, siRNA-3: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-952. Values are means ± SEM. vs. control group, * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.01.</p

List of genes examined and their corresponding accession numbers.

<p>Footnote: F and R indicate forward and reverse primers respectively. <i>GAPDH  =  Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate de-hydrogenase</i>, <i>C/EBPα  =  CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha</i>, <i>PPARγ  =  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma</i>, <i>FAS  =  fatty acid synthase, ATGL  =  adipose triglyceride lipase</i>.</p

Effects of adiponectin on morphology changes and lipid metabolism of cultured chicken preadipocytes.

<p>(A) Representative images of Oil Red O-stained sections of three groups at day 1, 3 and 9. Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) Lipid accumulation was assessed by the quantification of A₅₁₀ in destained Oil Red O with isopropyl alcohol (n = 3). (C) The areas stained with Oil Red O assessed (n = 3). (D) Lipid droplet diameter frequency distributions for the three groups. Numbers on the x-axis represent the bins for droplets of specific sizes. (E) Glycerol content in the medium (n = 3). (F) FFA content in the cell culture medium (n = 3). FFA: free fatty acid, CK: Control group, pA: pcDNA3.1-ADPN, siRNA-3: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-952. Values are means ± SEM. vs. control group, * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.01.</p

Phosphine-Catalyzed Enantioselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition–Semipinacol-Type-Rearrangement Reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates

The chiral phosphine-triggered electrophilic ylide intermediate for a Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates activation strategy provides a promising method for the design of organocatalytic intermolecular higher-order annulation processes

Effects of Organic Cation Length on Exciton Recombination in Two-Dimensional Layered Lead Iodide Hybrid Perovskite Crystals

In recent years, 2D layered organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to the distinctive quantum confinement effects as well as prominent excitonic luminescence. Herein, we show that the recombination dynamics and photoluminescence (PL) of the 2D layered perovskites can be tuned by the organic cation length. 2D lead iodide perovskite crystals with increased length of the organic chains reveal blue-shifted PL as well as enhanced relative internal quantum efficiency. Furthermore, we provide experimental evidence that the formation of face-sharing [PbI₆]^4– octahedron in perovskites with long alkyls induces additional confinement for the excitons, leading to 1D-like recombination. As a result, the PL spectra show enhanced inhomogeneous broadening at low temperature. Our work provides physical understanding of the role of organic cation in the optical properties of 2D layered perovskites, and would benefit the improvement of luminescence efficiency of such materials

Discovery of <i>N</i>‑(Naphthalen-1-yl)‑<i>N</i>′‑alkyl Oxalamide Ligands Enables Cu-Catalyzed Aryl Amination with High Turnovers

A class of <i>N</i>-(naphthalen-1-yl)-<i>N</i>′-alkyl oxalamides have been proven to be powerful ligands, making a coupling reaction of (hetero)­aryl iodides with primary amines proceed at 50 °C with only 0.01 mol % of Cu₂O and ligand as well as a coupling reaction of (hetero)­aryl bromides with primary amines and ammonia at 80 °C with only 0.1 mol % of Cu₂O and ligand. A wide range of coupling partners work well under these conditions, thereby providing an easy to operate method for preparing (hetero)­aryl amines

CARP Is a Potential Tumor Suppressor in Gastric Carcinoma and a Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in CARP Gene Might Increase the Risk of Gastric Carcinoma

<div><p>Background</p><p>The caspase-associated recruitment domain-containing protein (CARP) is expressed in almost all tissues. Recently, the tumor-suppressive function of CARP was discovered and attracted increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the role of CARP in the carcinogenesis of human gastric carcinoma.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>Compared with normal gastric tissue, the downregulation of CARP expression was observed in gastric carcinoma tissue by cDNA array and tissue microarray assay. <i>In vitro</i>, the gastric carcinoma cell line (BGC-823) was stably transfected with pcDNA3.1B-CARP or plus CARP siRNA, and we used MTT, flow cytometry, cell migration on type I collagen, cell-matrix adhesion assay and western blot analysis to investigate the potential anti-tumor effects of CARP. The data showed that overexpressing CARP suppressed the malignancy of gastric carcinoma BGC-823 cell line, including significant increases in apoptosis, as well as obvious decreases in cell proliferation, migration, adhesion ability, and tumor growth. The tumor-suppressive effects of CARP were almost restored by siRNA-directed CARP silence. In addition, overexpression of CARP induced G1 arrest, decreased the expressions of cyclin E and CDK2, and increased the expressions of p27, p53 and p21. <i>In vivo</i>, the tumor-suppressive effect of CARP was also verified. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype of CARP (rs2297882) was located in the Kozak sequence of the <i>CARP</i> gene. The reporter gene assay showed that rs2297882 TT caused an obvious downregulation of activity of <i>CARP</i> gene promoter in BGC-823 cells. Furthermore, the association between rs2297882 and human gastric carcinoma susceptibility was analyzed in 352 cases and 889 controls. It displayed that the TT genotype of rs2297882 in the CARP gene was associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinoma.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>CARP is a potential tumor suppressor of gastric carcinoma and the rs2297882 C>T phenotype of CARP may serve as a predictor of gastric carcinoma.</p></div