Dioxygen-Promoted Pd-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Organoboronic Acids with Amines and CO: A Direct Approach to Tertiary Amides

A direct approach from organoboronic acids and amines to tertiary amides via Pd-catalyzed aerobic aminocarbonylation has been developed. The presence of O₂ significantly promotes the efficiency of this transformation. This method uses commercially available organoboronic acids and cheap CO and O₂ (1 atm), which renders amides an easy synthesis with broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance

Variation rule of branch fracture propagation pressure.

<p>(a) Δσ=0 MPa, K_<b>IC</b>=0.8 MPa m^0.5; (b) Δσ=0 MPa, K_<b>IC</b>=1.6 MPa m^0.5; (c) Δσ=5 MPa, K_<b>IC</b>=0.8 MPa m^0.5; (d) Δσ=5 MPa, K_<b>IC</b>=1.6 MPa m^0.5; (e) Δσ=10 MPa, K_<b>IC</b>=0.8 MPa m^0.5; (f) Δσ=10 MPa, K_<b>IC</b>=1.6 MPa m^0.5.</p

Stress analysis of the ellipse natural fracture.

<p>Stress analysis of the ellipse natural fracture.</p

Variation curve of the <i>g</i>_<i>θθ</i>(<i>θ</i>) function.

<p>Variation curve of the <i>g</i>_<i>θθ</i>(<i>θ</i>) function.</p

Mechanical analysis for FPP under different control conditions.

<p>(a) Δσ=0 MPa, T_<b>0</b>=3.6 MPa; (b) Δσ=0 MPa, T_<b>0</b>=4.2 MPa; (c) Δσ=5 MPa, T_<b>0</b>=3.6 MPa; (d) Δσ=5 MPa, T_<b>0</b>=4.2 MPa; (e) Δσ=10 MPa, T_<b>0</b>=3.6 MPa; (f) Δσ=10 MPa, T_<b>0</b>=4.2 MPa.</p

Production performance of oil well under different fracturing patterns.

<p>Production performance of oil well under different fracturing patterns.</p

Stress distribution of the fracture element with the stress shadow effect.

<p>Stress distribution of the fracture element with the stress shadow effect.</p

Classification of the FPP.

<p>Classification of the FPP.</p

Flow chart of the solution to the combined stress field.

<p>Flow chart of the solution to the combined stress field.</p

Stress and strain field at the fracture tip.

<p>Stress and strain field at the fracture tip.</p