20 research outputs found
Funnel plot for the results between AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.
<p>Egger’ publication bias test result (<i>p</i> =0.476).</p
Standardized mean difference (SMD) in spherical aberration: This forest plot showed the SMD in spherical aberration along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.
<p>Standardized mean difference (SMD) in spherical aberration: This forest plot showed the SMD in spherical aberration along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.</p
Contrast Sensitivity and Spherical Aberration in Eyes Implanted with AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural Intraocular Lens: the Results of a Meta-Analysis
<div><p>Background</p><p>To systematically evaluate the visual performance of aspheric AcrySof IQ and spherical AcrySof Natural intraocular lens (IOL) after cataract surgery.</p> <p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>Potential randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved implanting AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural were searched from PubMed, Web of science, EMBASE, Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Databases and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Jadad method. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity and spherical aberration were pooled using a random-effects model. Seven studies were identified and analyzed to compare AcrySof IQ (236 eyes) with AcrySof Natural (232 eyes) after phacoemulsification. There was no significant difference in postoperative BCVA between AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural (<i>p</i> =0.137) after a follow up of 3 months. For contrast sensitivity, these differences reached statistical significance under photopic conditions at two spatial frequencies (3 cycles per degree (cpd), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd; <i>p</i> =0.022, <i>p</i> =0.017, <i>p</i> = 0.065, and <i>p</i>=0.191, respectively) and under mesopic conditions at three spatial frequencies (3 cpd, 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd; <i>p</i> =0.007, <i>p</i> =0.033, <i>p</i> =0.030, and <i>p</i> =0.080, respectively). Eyes with AcrySof IQ also had statistically significant less spherical aberration than eyes with AcrySof Natural (<i>p</i><0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were relatively stable and reliable.</p> <p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>The overall findings indicate that AcrySof IQ with a modified aspheric surface induced significantly less spherical aberration than AcrySof Natural. Contrast sensitivity in eyes with AcrySof IQ is better than that in eyes with AcrySof Natural, especially under mesopic conditions.</p> </div
Standardized mean difference (SMD) in contrast sensitivity: This forest plot showed the SMD in postoperative contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions at 3 cycles per degree ( cpd ), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.
<p>Standardized mean difference (SMD) in contrast sensitivity: This forest plot showed the SMD in postoperative contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions at 3 cycles per degree ( cpd ), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.</p
Standardized mean difference (SMD) in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA): This forest plot showed the SMD in BCVA (log MAR) along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.
<p>Standardized mean difference (SMD) in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA): This forest plot showed the SMD in BCVA (log MAR) along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.</p
Standardized mean difference (SMD) in contrast sensitivity: This forest plot showed the SMD in postoperative contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions at 3 cycles per degree (cpd), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.
<p>Standardized mean difference (SMD) in contrast sensitivity: This forest plot showed the SMD in postoperative contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions at 3 cycles per degree (cpd), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.</p
Fabrication of Hyperbranched Block-Statistical Copolymer-Based Prodrug with Dual Sensitivities for Controlled Release
Dendrimer
with hyperbranched structure and multivalent surface
is regarded as one of the most promising candidates close to the ideal
drug delivery systems, but the clinical translation and scale-up production
of dendrimer has been hampered significantly by the synthetic difficulties.
Therefore, there is considerable scope for the development of novel
hyperbranched polymer that can not only address the drawbacks of dendrimer
but maintain its advantages. The reversible addition–fragmentation
chain transfer self-condensing vinyl polymerization (RAFT-SCVP) technique
has enabled facile preparation of segmented hyperbranched polymer
(SHP) by using chain transfer monomer (CTM)-based double-head agent
during the past decade. Meanwhile, the design and development of block-statistical
copolymers has been proven in our recent studies to be a simple yet
effective way to address the extracellular stability vs intracellular
high delivery efficacy dilemma. To integrate the advantages of both
hyperbranched and block-statistical structures, we herein reported
the fabrication of hyperbranched block-statistical copolymer-based
prodrug with pH and reduction dual sensitivities using RAFT-SCVP and
post-polymerization click coupling. The external homo oligoÂ(ethylene
glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (OEGMA) block provides sufficient
extracellularly colloidal stability for the nanocarriers by steric
hindrance, and the interior OEGMA units incorporated by the statistical
copolymerization promote intracellular drug release by facilitating
the permeation of GSH and H<sup>+</sup> for the cleavage of the reduction-responsive
disulfide bond and pH-liable carbonate link as well as weakening the
hydrophobic encapsulation of drug molecules. The delivery efficacy
of the target hyperbranched block-statistical copolymer-based prodrug
was evaluated in terms of <i>in vitro</i> drug release and
cytotoxicity studies, which confirms both acidic pH and reduction-triggered
drug release for inhibiting proliferation of HeLa cells. Interestingly,
the simultaneous application of both acidic pH and GSH triggers promoted
significantly the cleavage and release of CPT compared to the exertion
of single trigger. This study thus developed a facile approach toward
hyperbranched polymer-based prodrugs with high therapeutic efficacy
for anticancer drug delivery
Facile Fabrication of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin-Backboned Amphiphilic Polyprodrug with Precisely Tailored Drug Loading Content for Controlled Release
Polymeric prodrugs with precisely
controlled drug loading content
(DLC) and rapid intracellular destabilization generally require complicated
chemistry that hinders large-scale manufacture. For this purpose,
we reported in this study a facile construction of reduction-sensitive
amphiphilic polyprodrugs with an anticancer drug, 10-hydroxycamptothecin
(HCPT), and a hydrophilic polyÂ(ethylene oxide) (PEG) moiety as the
alternating building blocks of the multiblock copolymer using CuÂ(I)-catalyzed
azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) click coupling between azide-SS-HCPT-SS-azide
and alkyne-PEG-alkyne. Adoption of PEGs with two different molecular
weights (MWs) of 400 and 1450 Da (PEG400 and PEG1450) afforded two
polyprodrugs with different DLCs. Both formulations can self-assemble
into spherical micelles with hydrodynamic diameter smaller than 200
nm, and exhibit glutathione (GSH)-triggered degradation for promoted
drug release. A further comparison study revealed that the PEG1450-based
polyprodrug is a better formulation than the analogue constructed
from PEG400 in terms of in vitro drug release behaviors, and cytotoxicity.
This work thus provides a facile yet efficient strategy toward polymeric
prodrugs with precisely controlled DLC and reduction-triggered degradation
for enhanced anticancer drug delivery
Optimization of Amphiphilic Miktoarm Star Copolymers for Anticancer Drug Delivery
The
preparation of various types of miktoarm star polymers with
precisely controlled structures (A<sub>2</sub>B, ABC, AB<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>, etc.) has made significant progress due to the considerable
advances in the synthetic strategies, including multistep protections/deprotections,
orthogonality, and integration of different polymerization techniques.
However, compared to the well-developed synthesis methodologies, the
investigations on miktoarm star copolymers as drug delivery vehicles
remain relatively unexplored, especially for the relationship of their
branched structures and properties as drug delivery systems. To elucidate
this structure–property relationship of amphiphilic miktoarm
star polymers, we prepared four different amphiphilic miktoarm star
copolymers with the respectively identical molecular weights (MWs)
of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties but different star structures
using heteroinitiators that were synthesized by protection/deprotection
strategies for integrated ring-opening polymerization of hydrophobic
ε-caprolactone and atom transfer radical polymerization of hydrophilic
oligo (ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA). Further
screening of an optimal formulation for anticancer drug delivery by
the stability of micelles, in vitro drug loading capacity, drug release
properties, cellular uptake efficacy, and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin
(DOX)-loaded micelles showed that PCL<sub>3</sub>POEGMA<sub>1</sub> micelles possessed the lowest critical micelle concentration, the
highest drug loading content, and enhanced therapeutic efficiency
for DOX release of all the synthesized four star copolymer constructs.
This study thus provides preliminary guidelines and rationalities
for the construction of amphiphilic miktoarm star polymers toward
enhanced anticancer drug delivery
Fabrication of Dual-Redox Responsive Supramolecular Copolymers Using a Reducible β‑Cyclodextran-Ferrocene Double-Head Unit
Self-assembly
of amphiphilic block copolymers into well-defined
nanostructures as drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer
has been a hot subject of research. However, sequential polymerizations
synthesized amphiphilic block copolymers with covalent links suffered
mainly from multistep synthesis and purification procedures as well
as repeated optimization of polymer composition to form aggregates
with well-defined structures. To overcome these drawbacks, supramolecular
amphiphilic block copolymers with noncovalent links were developed
to provide simplicity as required. Herein, we designed and prepared
a reducible β-cyclodextran (β-CD)-ferrocene (Fc) double-head
unit from which a dual-redox responsive supramolecular amphiphilic
copolymer was fabricated together with a traditional polymer block
through supramolecular induced polymerization. Typically, well-defined
supramolecular micelles and vesicles were fabricated, respectively.
Due to the integration of oxidation-sensitive noncovalent β-CD/Fc
connections and reduction-sensitive covalent disulfide bridges in
the polymer backbone, the resulting supramolecular micelles and vesicles
showed structural deformation and accelerated drug release in response
to both intracellular reducing and oxidizing environments, thus, presenting
a new platform for both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione
(GSH)-triggered anticancer drug delivery