20 research outputs found

    Standardized mean difference (SMD) in spherical aberration: This forest plot showed the SMD in spherical aberration along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.

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    <p>Standardized mean difference (SMD) in spherical aberration: This forest plot showed the SMD in spherical aberration along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.</p

    Contrast Sensitivity and Spherical Aberration in Eyes Implanted with AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural Intraocular Lens: the Results of a Meta-Analysis

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    <div><p>Background</p><p>To systematically evaluate the visual performance of aspheric AcrySof IQ and spherical AcrySof Natural intraocular lens (IOL) after cataract surgery.</p> <p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>Potential randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved implanting AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural were searched from PubMed, Web of science, EMBASE, Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Databases and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Jadad method. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity and spherical aberration were pooled using a random-effects model. Seven studies were identified and analyzed to compare AcrySof IQ (236 eyes) with AcrySof Natural (232 eyes) after phacoemulsification. There was no significant difference in postoperative BCVA between AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural (<i>p</i> =0.137) after a follow up of 3 months. For contrast sensitivity, these differences reached statistical significance under photopic conditions at two spatial frequencies (3 cycles per degree (cpd), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd; <i>p</i> =0.022, <i>p</i> =0.017, <i>p</i> = 0.065, and <i>p</i>=0.191, respectively) and under mesopic conditions at three spatial frequencies (3 cpd, 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd; <i>p</i> =0.007, <i>p</i> =0.033, <i>p</i> =0.030, and <i>p</i> =0.080, respectively). Eyes with AcrySof IQ also had statistically significant less spherical aberration than eyes with AcrySof Natural (<i>p</i><0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were relatively stable and reliable.</p> <p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>The overall findings indicate that AcrySof IQ with a modified aspheric surface induced significantly less spherical aberration than AcrySof Natural. Contrast sensitivity in eyes with AcrySof IQ is better than that in eyes with AcrySof Natural, especially under mesopic conditions.</p> </div

    Standardized mean difference (SMD) in contrast sensitivity: This forest plot showed the SMD in postoperative contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions at 3 cycles per degree ( cpd ), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.

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    <p>Standardized mean difference (SMD) in contrast sensitivity: This forest plot showed the SMD in postoperative contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions at 3 cycles per degree ( cpd ), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.</p

    Standardized mean difference (SMD) in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA): This forest plot showed the SMD in BCVA (log MAR) along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.

    No full text
    <p>Standardized mean difference (SMD) in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA): This forest plot showed the SMD in BCVA (log MAR) along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.</p

    Standardized mean difference (SMD) in contrast sensitivity: This forest plot showed the SMD in postoperative contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions at 3 cycles per degree (cpd), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.

    No full text
    <p>Standardized mean difference (SMD) in contrast sensitivity: This forest plot showed the SMD in postoperative contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions at 3 cycles per degree (cpd), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd along with associated 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lens.</p

    Fabrication of Hyperbranched Block-Statistical Copolymer-Based Prodrug with Dual Sensitivities for Controlled Release

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    Dendrimer with hyperbranched structure and multivalent surface is regarded as one of the most promising candidates close to the ideal drug delivery systems, but the clinical translation and scale-up production of dendrimer has been hampered significantly by the synthetic difficulties. Therefore, there is considerable scope for the development of novel hyperbranched polymer that can not only address the drawbacks of dendrimer but maintain its advantages. The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer self-condensing vinyl polymerization (RAFT-SCVP) technique has enabled facile preparation of segmented hyperbranched polymer (SHP) by using chain transfer monomer (CTM)-based double-head agent during the past decade. Meanwhile, the design and development of block-statistical copolymers has been proven in our recent studies to be a simple yet effective way to address the extracellular stability vs intracellular high delivery efficacy dilemma. To integrate the advantages of both hyperbranched and block-statistical structures, we herein reported the fabrication of hyperbranched block-statistical copolymer-based prodrug with pH and reduction dual sensitivities using RAFT-SCVP and post-polymerization click coupling. The external homo oligo­(ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (OEGMA) block provides sufficient extracellularly colloidal stability for the nanocarriers by steric hindrance, and the interior OEGMA units incorporated by the statistical copolymerization promote intracellular drug release by facilitating the permeation of GSH and H<sup>+</sup> for the cleavage of the reduction-responsive disulfide bond and pH-liable carbonate link as well as weakening the hydrophobic encapsulation of drug molecules. The delivery efficacy of the target hyperbranched block-statistical copolymer-based prodrug was evaluated in terms of <i>in vitro</i> drug release and cytotoxicity studies, which confirms both acidic pH and reduction-triggered drug release for inhibiting proliferation of HeLa cells. Interestingly, the simultaneous application of both acidic pH and GSH triggers promoted significantly the cleavage and release of CPT compared to the exertion of single trigger. This study thus developed a facile approach toward hyperbranched polymer-based prodrugs with high therapeutic efficacy for anticancer drug delivery

    Facile Fabrication of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin-Backboned Amphiphilic Polyprodrug with Precisely Tailored Drug Loading Content for Controlled Release

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    Polymeric prodrugs with precisely controlled drug loading content (DLC) and rapid intracellular destabilization generally require complicated chemistry that hinders large-scale manufacture. For this purpose, we reported in this study a facile construction of reduction-sensitive amphiphilic polyprodrugs with an anticancer drug, 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), and a hydrophilic poly­(ethylene oxide) (PEG) moiety as the alternating building blocks of the multiblock copolymer using Cu­(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) click coupling between azide-SS-HCPT-SS-azide and alkyne-PEG-alkyne. Adoption of PEGs with two different molecular weights (MWs) of 400 and 1450 Da (PEG400 and PEG1450) afforded two polyprodrugs with different DLCs. Both formulations can self-assemble into spherical micelles with hydrodynamic diameter smaller than 200 nm, and exhibit glutathione (GSH)-triggered degradation for promoted drug release. A further comparison study revealed that the PEG1450-based polyprodrug is a better formulation than the analogue constructed from PEG400 in terms of in vitro drug release behaviors, and cytotoxicity. This work thus provides a facile yet efficient strategy toward polymeric prodrugs with precisely controlled DLC and reduction-triggered degradation for enhanced anticancer drug delivery

    Optimization of Amphiphilic Miktoarm Star Copolymers for Anticancer Drug Delivery

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    The preparation of various types of miktoarm star polymers with precisely controlled structures (A<sub>2</sub>B, ABC, AB<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>, etc.) has made significant progress due to the considerable advances in the synthetic strategies, including multistep protections/deprotections, orthogonality, and integration of different polymerization techniques. However, compared to the well-developed synthesis methodologies, the investigations on miktoarm star copolymers as drug delivery vehicles remain relatively unexplored, especially for the relationship of their branched structures and properties as drug delivery systems. To elucidate this structure–property relationship of amphiphilic miktoarm star polymers, we prepared four different amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers with the respectively identical molecular weights (MWs) of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties but different star structures using heteroinitiators that were synthesized by protection/deprotection strategies for integrated ring-opening polymerization of hydrophobic ε-caprolactone and atom transfer radical polymerization of hydrophilic oligo (ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA). Further screening of an optimal formulation for anticancer drug delivery by the stability of micelles, in vitro drug loading capacity, drug release properties, cellular uptake efficacy, and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles showed that PCL<sub>3</sub>POEGMA<sub>1</sub> micelles possessed the lowest critical micelle concentration, the highest drug loading content, and enhanced therapeutic efficiency for DOX release of all the synthesized four star copolymer constructs. This study thus provides preliminary guidelines and rationalities for the construction of amphiphilic miktoarm star polymers toward enhanced anticancer drug delivery

    Fabrication of Dual-Redox Responsive Supramolecular Copolymers Using a Reducible β‑Cyclodextran-Ferrocene Double-Head Unit

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    Self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers into well-defined nanostructures as drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer has been a hot subject of research. However, sequential polymerizations synthesized amphiphilic block copolymers with covalent links suffered mainly from multistep synthesis and purification procedures as well as repeated optimization of polymer composition to form aggregates with well-defined structures. To overcome these drawbacks, supramolecular amphiphilic block copolymers with noncovalent links were developed to provide simplicity as required. Herein, we designed and prepared a reducible β-cyclodextran (β-CD)-ferrocene (Fc) double-head unit from which a dual-redox responsive supramolecular amphiphilic copolymer was fabricated together with a traditional polymer block through supramolecular induced polymerization. Typically, well-defined supramolecular micelles and vesicles were fabricated, respectively. Due to the integration of oxidation-sensitive noncovalent β-CD/Fc connections and reduction-sensitive covalent disulfide bridges in the polymer backbone, the resulting supramolecular micelles and vesicles showed structural deformation and accelerated drug release in response to both intracellular reducing and oxidizing environments, thus, presenting a new platform for both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH)-triggered anticancer drug delivery
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