Host–Guest Interaction of Adamantine with a β‑Cyclodextrin-Functionalized AuPd Bimetallic Nanoprobe for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunoassay of Small Molecules

A modular labeling strategy was presented for electrochemical immunoassay via supramolecular host–guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and adamantine (ADA). An ADA-labeled antibody (ADA–Ab) was synthesized via amidation, and the number of ADA moieties loaded on a single antibody was calculated to be ∼7. The β-CD-functionalized gold–palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (AuPd–CD) were synthesized in aqueous solution via metal-S chemistry and characterized with transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectra. After the ADA–Ab was bound to the antigen-modified electrode surface with a competitive immunoreaction, AuPd–CD as a signal tag was immobilized onto the immunosensor by a host–guest interaction, leading to a large loading of AuPd nanoparticles. The highly efficient electrocatalysis by AuPd nanoparticles for NaBH₄ oxidation produced an ultrasensitive response to chloramphenicol as a model of a small molecule antigen. The immunoassay method showed a wide linear range from 50 pg/mL to 50 μg/mL and a detection limit of 4.6 pg/mL. The specific recognition of antigen by antibody resulted in good selectivity for the proposed method. The host–guest interaction strategy provided a universal labeling approach for the ultrasensitive detection of small molecule targets

Two New Species of the Genus <i>Candelariella</i> from China and Korea

Candelariella is a widespread lineage of lichenized ascomycetes with ambiguous relationships among species that have not solved completely. In this study, several specimens belonging to Candelariella were collected from China and South Korea, and the internal transcribed spacer region was generated to confirm the system position of the newly collected specimens. Combined with a morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis, two new areolate species, Candelariella rubrisoli and C. subsquamulosa, are new to science. Detail descriptions of each new species are presented. In addition, C. canadensis is firstly reported from China mainland.</p

Additional file 1 of Genetic diversities in wild and cultivated populations of the two closely-related medical plants species, Tripterygium Wilfordii and T. Hypoglaucum (Celastraceae)

Supplementary Material 1

Data_Sheet_2_Genome Mining of Streptomyces sp. YIM 130001 Isolated From Lichen Affords New Thiopeptide Antibiotic.docx

Streptomyces bacteria are recognized as an important source for antibiotics with broad applications in human medicine and animal health. Here, we report the isolation of a new lichen-associating Streptomyces sp. YIM 130001 from the tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna (Yunnan, China), which displayed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. The draft genome sequence of this isolate strain revealed 18 putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites, which is an unusually low number compared to a typical streptomycete. Inactivation of a lantibiotic dehydrogenase-encoding gene from the BGC presumed to govern biosynthesis of a thiopeptide resulted in the loss of bioactivity. Using comparative HPLC analysis, two peaks in the chromatogram were identified in the extract from the wild-type strain, which were missing in the extract from the mutant. The compounds corresponding to the identified peaks were purified, and structure of one compound was elucidated using NMR. The compound, designated geninthiocin B, showed high similarity to several 35-membered macrocyclic thiopeptides geninthiocin, Val-geninthiocin and berninamycin A. Bioinformatics analysis of the geninthiocin B BGC revealed its close homology to that of berninamycins.</p