Role of Iodine-Assisted Aerosol Particle Formation in Antarctica

New particle formation via the ion-mediated sulfuric acid and ammonia molecular clustering mechanism remains the most widely observed and experimentally verified pathway. Recent laboratory and molecular level observations indicate iodine-driven nucleation as a potentially important source of new particles, especially in coastal areas. In this study, we assess the role of iodine species in particle formation using the best available molecular thermochemistry data and coupled to a detailed 1-d column model which is run along air mass trajectories over the Southern Ocean and the coast of Antarctica. In the air masses traversing the open ocean, ion-mediated SA-NH3 clustering appears insufficient to explain the observed particle size distribution, wherein the simulated Aitken mode is lacking. Including the iodine-assisted particle formation improves the modeled Aitken mode representation with an increase in the number of freshly formed particles. This implies that more particles survive and grow to Aitken mode sizes via condensation of gaseous precursors and heterogeneous reactions. Under certain meteorological conditions, iodine-assisted particle formation can increase cloud condensation nuclei concentrations by 20%–100%

Dupilumab Provides Acceptable Safety and Sustained Efficacy for up to 4 Years in an Open-Label Study of Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis

© The authors, CC-BY-NC 2022 The above video abstract, graphical abstract and plain language summary represent the opinions of the authors. For a full list of declarations, including funding and author disclosure statements, please see the full text online (see “read the peer-reviewed publication” opposite)..</p

Additional file 2: of Replicated methylation changes associated with eczema herpeticum and allergic response

Table S2 and S3. DMPs significant from gene-based analysis for both phenotype groups and severity scores. (XLSX 31 kb

Additional file 3: of Replicated methylation changes associated with eczema herpeticum and allergic response

Table S4. DMPs significant from ADEH− vs controls and/or ADEH+ vs controls analysis at an FDR threshold of 0.05 from model adjusting for six cell types. (XLSX 91 kb

Additional file 1: of Replicated methylation changes associated with eczema herpeticum and allergic response

Supplementary text. Figure S1. QC plot of methylated to unmethylated median intensities for discovery and replication data sets. Figure S2. Plot of chrX vs chrY median intensities to identify gender mismatches for discovery and replication data sets. Figure S3. QQ plots of p values (three phenotype comparisons) from models with seven cell types (top) and six cell types (bottom) prior and post bacon adjustment. Figure S4. QQ plots of p values (severity analysis) from models with seven cell types (top) and six cell types (bottom) prior and post bacon adjustment. Figure S5. Box plots for top 27 CpGs significant in ADEH+ vs controls analysis. Figure S6. Scatter plots of top 27 CpGs significant in eosinophil-methylation analysis showing eosinophil levels against methylation values. Table S1. Clinical Characteristics table for all samples in discovery and replication data sets. Table S10. References to support the selection of genes for our gene-based analysis. (DOCX 4040 kb

Additional file 4: of Replicated methylation changes associated with eczema herpeticum and allergic response

Tables S5–S8. DMPs significant from severity analysis to follow up on results in Additional file 3: Table S4. (XLSX 120 kb

Additional file 5: of Replicated methylation changes associated with eczema herpeticum and allergic response

Table S9. Gene ontology (GO) analysis results for ADEH+ vs healthy controls. (XLSX 11 kb