Additional file 1 of Achieving safe and high-performance gastrointestinal tract spectral CT imaging with small-molecule lanthanide complex

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Body weight fluctuations in DSS mice (n = 3) or healthy mice (n = 3) for 7 days. Data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Fig. S2. (a, b) TEM images of the as-prepared Ho-DOTA. (c) The size distribution histograms of Ho-DOTA. The particle size distribution of Ho-DOTA, counted from 260 nanoparticles shown in typical TEM images, showing these nanoparticles are with small size and their particle sizes were relatively uniform. Fig. S3. MALDI-TOF-MS of Ho-DOTA. MALDI-TOF-MS calcd for C16H24HoN4O8+ [M+H]+, 566.097; found 566.094. Fig. S4. The stability of Ho-DOTA in different media (100 mg/mL, from left to right: NaCl, PBS, FBS, DMEM and RPMI-1640) at 37 °C for 7 (a) and 14 days (b). Fig. S5. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of important organs for normal mice at different time points after the injection of iohexol (0.2 M) via the tail vein. Fig. S6. In vivo CT urography imaging using Ho-DOTA and iohexol (Blue arrows represent kidney and yellow arrows represent bladder). CT imaging after intravenous administration of (a) 0.2 mol/L Ho-DOTA, (b) 0.2 mol/L iohexol, (c) 0.1 mol/L Ho-DOTA and (d) 0.1 mol/L iohexol

Disposition and metabolism of the G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist TAK-875 (fasiglifam) in rats, dogs, and humans

The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of fasiglifam were investigated in rats, dogs, and humans.The absolute oral bioavailability of fasiglifam was high in all species (>76.0%).After oral administration of [14C]fasiglifam, the administered radioactivity was quantitatively recovered and the major route of excretion of radioactivity was via feces in all species.Fasiglifam was a major component in the plasma and feces in all species. Its oxidative metabolite (M-I) was observed as a minor metabolite in rat and human plasma (In vitro cytochrome P450 (CYP) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) reaction phenotyping indicated that oxidation (to form M-I and T-1676427) and glucuronidation of fasiglifam are mainly mediated by CYP3A4/5 and UGT1A3, respectively.Fasiglifam and fasiglifam-G are substrates of BCRP and Mrp2/MRP2, respectively.Glucuronidation of fasiglifam-G was found to be the predominant elimination pathway of fasiglifam in all species tested, including humans. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of fasiglifam were investigated in rats, dogs, and humans. The absolute oral bioavailability of fasiglifam was high in all species (>76.0%). After oral administration of [14C]fasiglifam, the administered radioactivity was quantitatively recovered and the major route of excretion of radioactivity was via feces in all species. Fasiglifam was a major component in the plasma and feces in all species. Its oxidative metabolite (M-I) was observed as a minor metabolite in rat and human plasma ( In vitro cytochrome P450 (CYP) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) reaction phenotyping indicated that oxidation (to form M-I and T-1676427) and glucuronidation of fasiglifam are mainly mediated by CYP3A4/5 and UGT1A3, respectively. Fasiglifam and fasiglifam-G are substrates of BCRP and Mrp2/MRP2, respectively. Glucuronidation of fasiglifam-G was found to be the predominant elimination pathway of fasiglifam in all species tested, including humans.</p

High-Yielding and Continuous Fabrication of Nanosized CL-20-Based Energetic Cocrystals via Electrospraying Deposition

Energetic cocrystals, especially CL-20-based cocrystals, have attracted a wide range of attention due to their low sensitivity and impressive detonation performance. In this study, a series of nanosized CL-20-based energetic cocrystals were successfully fabricated by electrospray deposition. For CL-20/TNT nanococrystals, the influence of different solvents on the morphology and crystal structure of as-prepared cocrystals were investigated. The results showed that all the electrosprayed CL-20/TNT samples were partial formation of cocrystals and particles obtained from ketone had smaller size than those obtained from ethyl solvents. In contrast, electrosprayed CL-20/DNB nanococrystals had completely formed the cocrystal structure proved by DSC and PXRD. Moreover, the terahertz (THz) result confirmed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Additionally, we have fabricated the CL-20/TNB cocrystals for the first time by using electrospray method. The PXRD and DSC results confirmed the formation of this novel energetic cocrystal. Expectedly, all the electrosprayed nanosized CL-20-based cocrystals exhibited visible reduced impact sensitivity compared with raw CL-20. The electrospray can thus offer a flexible and versatile approach for continuous and high-yielding synthesis of nanosized energetic cocrystals with preferable safety performance, and provide an efficient screening to quickly distinguish whether two energetic materials can form a cocrystal

Association results for rs7499 in replication studies.

#<p>P values were adjusted for age, gender, smoking and drinking by binary logistic regression.</p>*<p>Combination of 3 case-control samples from 302_Beijing, Youan_Beijing and Guangxi.</p

Quantification of COL18A1 mRNA expression by real-time PCR.

<p>GAPDH was used as an internal control gene. Final abundance figures were adjusted to yield an arbitrary value of 1 for HCC patients. Each experiment was performed in triplicate assay. Data are means±SD. A. COL18A1 mRNA expression in HCC, CHB, and healthy individuals. B. COL18A1 mRNA expression in CHB patients, among different genotypes of rs7499.</p

Genotype distributions of 4 SNPs in COL18A1 gene of the 302_Beijing samples.

#<p>P values were adjusted for age, gender, smoking and drinking by binary logistic regression.</p

Clinical features of the subjects included in the study.

<p>Age, ALT, AST, TBil, DBil, and HBV-DNA as median (25-percentile, 75-percentile).</p><p>HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma.</p><p>CHB: chronic hepatitis B.</p><p>^<i>a</i>Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p>^<i>b</i>Chi-square test.</p

Common haplotypes constructed with SNPs rs2183589, rs2230688, rs11702425 and rs7499 in COL18A1 gene of the 302_Beijing samples.

<p>Common haplotypes constructed with SNPs rs2183589, rs2230688, rs11702425 and rs7499 in COL18A1 gene of the 302_Beijing samples.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Altered functional connectivity strength in chronic insomnia associated with gut microbiota composition and sleep efficiency.zip

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on the link between gut microbiota (GM) and resting-state brain activity in patients with chronic insomnia (CI). This study aimed to explore the alterations in brain functional connectivity strength (FCS) in CI and the potential associations among altered FCS, GM composition, and neuropsychological performance indicators.Materials and methodsThirty CI patients and 34 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Each participant underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) for the evaluation of brain FCS and was administered sleep-, mood-, and cognitive-related questionnaires for the evaluation of neuropsychological performance. Stool samples of CI patients were collected and subjected to 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to assess the relative abundance (RA) of GM. Redundancy analysis or canonical correspondence analysis (RDA or CCA, respectively) was used to investigate the relationships between GM composition and neuropsychological performance indicators. Spearman correlation was further performed to analyze the associations among alterations in FCS, GM composition, and neuropsychological performance indicators.ResultsThe CI group showed a reduction in FCS in the left superior parietal gyrus (SPG) compared to the HC group. The correlation analysis showed that the FCS in the left SPG was correlated with sleep efficiency and some specific bacterial genera. The results of CCA and RDA showed that 38.21% (RDA) and 24.62% (CCA) of the GM composition variation could be interpreted by neuropsychological performance indicators. Furthermore, we found complex relationships between Alloprevotella, specific members of the family Lachnospiraceae, Faecalicoccus, and the FCS alteration, and neuropsychological performance indicators.ConclusionThe brain FCS alteration of patients with CI was related to their GM composition and neuropsychological performance indicators, and there was also an association to some extent between the latter two, suggesting a specific interaction pattern among the three aspects: brain FCS alteration, GM composition, and neuropsychological performance indicators.</p

Association between risk factors and positive T-SPOT.TB by means of univariate and multivariate analysis.

<p>OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; TB: tuberculosis.</p>*<p>From a multivariate logistic regression model with age, gender, education, working years, job, workplace, the history of household TB contact.</p