Additional file 6: of Prognostic value of miR-221 in human malignancy: evidence from 3041 subjects

Table S1. Literature search strategy of PubMed database. The Embase database is searched in a similar way to PubMed. (DOCX 19 kb

Additional file 1: of Prognostic value of miR-221 in human malignancy: evidence from 3041 subjects

Figure S1. Subgroup analyses of the studies that evaluated the HRs of high miR-221 expression as compared to low expression in OS by nations, (A) Chinses (B) non-Asian (TIF 24678 kb

Additional file 3: of Prognostic value of miR-221 in human malignancy: evidence from 3041 subjects

Figure S3. Subgroup analyses of the studies that evaluated the HRs of high miR-221 expression as compared to low expression in OS by cancers, (A) Colon cancer (B) Live cancer (C) Lung cancer (TIF 15382 kb

Additional file 5: of Prognostic value of miR-221 in human malignancy: evidence from 3041 subjects

Figure S5. Subgroup analyses of the studies that evaluated the HRs of high miR-221 expression as compared to low expression in OS by origins, (A) Tumor tissues (B) Serum/plasm (C) Marrow (TIF 24676 kb

Additional file 4: of Prognostic value of miR-221 in human malignancy: evidence from 3041 subjects

Figure S4. Subgroup analyses of the studies that evaluated the HRs of high miR-221 expression as compared to low expression in OS by cancers, (A) ALL (B) Breast cancer (C) Osteosarcoma (D) Ovarian cancer (DOCX 19 kb) (TIF 14956 kb

Additional file 2: of Prognostic value of miR-221 in human malignancy: evidence from 3041 subjects

Figure S2. Subgroup analyses of the studies that evaluated the HRs of high miR-221 expression as compared to low expression in OS by the number of individuals, (A) > 100 (B) ≤100 (TIF 24678 kb

Data_Sheet_1_Gllac7 Is Induced by Agricultural and Forestry Residues and Exhibits Allelic Expression Bias in Ganoderma lucidum.DOCX

Ganoderma lucidum has a wide carbon spectrum, while the expression profile of key genes relevant to carbon metabolism on different carbon sources has been seldom studied. Here, the transcriptomes of G. lucidum mycelia cultured on each of 19 carbon sources were conducted. In comparison with glucose, 16 to 1,006 genes were upregulated and 7 to 1,865 genes were downregulated. Significant gene expression dynamics and induced activity were observed in laccase genes when using agricultural and forestry residues (AFRs) as solo carbon sources. Furthermore, study of laccase gene family in two haploids of G. lucidum GL0102 was conducted. Totally, 15 and 16 laccase genes were identified in GL0102_53 and GL0102_8, respectively, among which 15 pairs were allelic genes. Gene structures were conserved between allelic laccase genes, while sequence variations (most were SNPs) existed. Nine laccase genes rarely expressed on all the tested carbon sources, while the other seven genes showed high expression level on AFRs, especially Gllac2 and Gllac7, which showed 5- to 1,149-fold and 4- to 94-fold upregulation in mycelia cultured for 5 days, respectively. The expression of H53lac7 was consistently higher than that of H8lac7_1 on all the carbon sources except XM, exhibiting a case of allelic expression bias. A total of 47 SNPs and 3 insertions/deletions were observed between promoters of H53lac7 and H8lac7_1, which lead to differences in predicted binding sites of zinc fingers. These results provide scientific data for understanding the gene expression profile and regulatory role on different carbon sources and may support further functional research of laccase.</p

The global impacts of US climate policy: a model simulation using GCAM-TU and MAGICC

<p>To assess the potential impacts of the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, this study applied GCAM-TU (an updated version of the Global Change Assessment Model) to simulate global and regional emission pathways of energy-related CO₂, which show that US emissions in 2100 would reduce to −2.4 Gt, −0.7 Gt and −0.2 Gt under scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP3.7 and RCP4.5, respectively. Two unfavourable policy scenarios were designed, assuming a temporary delay and a complete stop for US mitigation actions after 2015. Simulations by the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change (MAGICC) indicate that the temperature increase by 2100 would rise by 0.081°C–0.161°C compared to the three original RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) if US emissions were kept at their 2015 levels until 2100. The probability of staying below 2°C would decrease by 6–9% even if the US resumes mitigation efforts for achieving its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target after 2025. It is estimated by GCAM-TU that, without US participation, increased reduction efforts are required for the rest of the world, including developing countries, in order to achieve the 2°C goal, resulting in 18% higher global cumulative mitigation costs from 2015 to 2100.</p> <p><b>Key policy insights</b></p><p>President Trump’s climate policies, including planned withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, cast a shadow on international climate actions, and would lower the likelihood of achieving the 2°C target.</p><p>To meet the 2°C target without the US means increased reduction efforts and mitigation costs for the rest of the world, and considerable economic burdens for major developing areas.</p><p>Active state-, city- and enterprise-level powers should be supported to keep the emission reduction gap from further widening even with reduced mitigation efforts from the US federal government.</p><p></p> <p>President Trump’s climate policies, including planned withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, cast a shadow on international climate actions, and would lower the likelihood of achieving the 2°C target.</p> <p>To meet the 2°C target without the US means increased reduction efforts and mitigation costs for the rest of the world, and considerable economic burdens for major developing areas.</p> <p>Active state-, city- and enterprise-level powers should be supported to keep the emission reduction gap from further widening even with reduced mitigation efforts from the US federal government.</p

Implications of the consumption-based accounting for future national emissions budgets

As a complement of production-based accounting (PBA), consumption-based accounting (CBA) provides an alternative perspective to understand national emissions and responsibilities for global climate change. Existing studies assessed historical national emissions under CBA. However, how CBA might guide future mitigation under the Paris Agreement goals has not been well understood. By combining global multi-region input-output analysis and the equity principle of ‘equal cumulative per capita emissions’ (ECPCE), this study explores potential implications of CBA for future national emissions budgets to limit global warming to below 1.5°C. Historically, consumption-based greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were higher than production-based emissions in most developed countries while lower in many developing countries. When CBA is used instead of PBA to allocate emissions budgets by ECPCE, future GHG mitigation burdens would become more stringent in 70% of Annex I (mostly developed) countries but slightly smaller in 55% of non-Annex I (mostly developing) countries. In particular, more than half of Annex I countries might need to achieve negative GHG budgets under 1.5°C. Our analysis emphasizes that, as net emission importers, developed countries could strive to pay equal attention to achieving consumption-based and production-based emissions reductions, and strengthen technological and financial support to developing countries that undertake production outsourcing. As net emission exporters, with international support and domestic investment, developing countries could pragmatically promote energy structure optimization and technological innovation to accelerate the decarbonization of production. To support the Paris Agreement goals, mitigation contributions initiated from the perspective of CBA could also be welcomed. Key policy insightsDeveloped countries shift emissions to developing countries through international trade. CBA increases historical responsibilities of developed countries for climate warming from the PBA assessments.Compared to PBA, CBA has clear implications on future national emissions budgets under responsibility-based allocations, but does not change the urgency of national mitigation required to achieve the Paris Agreement goals.Allocated by ECPCE, future GHG budgets for over 50% of the world’s countries would be run out before 2040 under 1.5°C at the 2015 emissions rates, using either CBA or PBA.According to different roles in global supply chains, developed countries should step up support to help developing countries improve emissions and energy intensities, which is a key to reducing emissions embodied in trade. Developed countries shift emissions to developing countries through international trade. CBA increases historical responsibilities of developed countries for climate warming from the PBA assessments. Compared to PBA, CBA has clear implications on future national emissions budgets under responsibility-based allocations, but does not change the urgency of national mitigation required to achieve the Paris Agreement goals. Allocated by ECPCE, future GHG budgets for over 50% of the world’s countries would be run out before 2040 under 1.5°C at the 2015 emissions rates, using either CBA or PBA. According to different roles in global supply chains, developed countries should step up support to help developing countries improve emissions and energy intensities, which is a key to reducing emissions embodied in trade.</p

MOESM2 of Expression patterns of two pal genes of Pleurotus ostreatus across developmental stages and under heat stress

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Nucleotide sequences alignment. (A) pal1 of CCMSSC00389 and PC15. (B) pal2 of CCMSSC00389 and PC15. (C) pal1 and pal2 of CCMSSC00389