Additional file 1: of Assessment of risk based on variant pathways and establishment of an artificial neural network model of thyroid cancer

Table S1. The clinical information of thyroid cancer samples downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. (XLSX 136 kb

Additional file 2: of Assessment of risk based on variant pathways and establishment of an artificial neural network model of thyroid cancer

Table S2. The clinical information of thyroid cancer samples downloaded from the GEO database. (XLSX 25 kb

Online Electrochemical Measurements of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in Rat Brain Based on Divalent Cation Enhancement toward Electrocatalytic NADH Oxidation

This study describes a novel electrochemical approach to effective online monitoring of electroinactive Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the rat brain based on the current enhancement of divalent cations toward electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH. Cyclic voltammetry for NADH oxidation at the electrodes modified with the polymerized film of toluidine blue O (TBO) reveals that the current of such an electrocatalytic oxidation process is remarkably enhanced by divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. The current enhancement is thus used to constitute an electrochemical method for the measurements of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in a continuous-flow system with the polyTBO-modified electrode as the detector. Upon being integrated with in vivo microdialysis, the electrochemical method is successfully applied in investigating on cerebral Ca2+ and Mg2+ of living animals in two aspects: (1) online simultaneous measurements of the basal levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the brain of the freely moving rats by using ethyleneglcol-bis(2-aminoethylether) tetraacetic acid (EGTA) as the selective masking agent for Ca2+ to differentiate the net current responses selectively for Ca2+ and Mg2+; and (2) online continuous monitoring of the cerebral Mg2+ following the global ischemia by using Ca2+-masking agent (i.e., EGTA) to completely eliminate the interference from Ca2+. Compared with the existing methods for the measurements of cerebral Ca2+ and Mg2+, the method demonstrated here is advantageous in terms of its simplicity both in instrumentation and in the experimental procedures and near real-time nature, and is thus highly anticipated to find wide applications in understanding of chemical events involved in some physiological and pathological processes

Boxplot of conventional and eye tracking thresholds of stereopsis.

The line perpendicular to the whisker below the box represents the minimum value; the lines of the box represent the interquartile range (the lower edge represents the first quartile; the upper edge represents the third quartile); the line in the box represents the median value; the line perpendicular to the whisker above the box represents the maximum value.</p

Histogram of the stereopsis recognition reaction time data.

Histogram of the stereopsis recognition reaction time data.</p

Examples of heat maps in innovative stereopsis thresholds test using an eye tracker.

A is the heat map when the disparity of the test page is below the participant’s stereopsis threshold. The lines and numbers in it represent the trajectory and order of the participant ’s fixation points. The participant cannot correctly identify the target; that is, the fixation rate on target AOI does not reach 50%. B is the heat map when the disparity of the test page exceeds the participant’s stereopsis threshold. The participant can correctly identify the target, that is, the fixation rate on target AOI exceeding 50%.</p

Illustration of a test page legend.

A represents the single-eye perspective of the test page. B simulates the stereo image perceived when the test pages viewed by the left and right eyes were fused correctly. The left prominent ring was designated as the target symbol.</p

Illustration of the area of interest (AOI).

There are three circles: large circle A with a diameter of 800 pixels, small circle B with a diameter of 160 pixels, and medium-sized circle C with a diameter of 283 pixels. The large circle A represents the whole range of the random-dot test page. The small circle B depicts the area where the stereoscopic target is positioned. Each small circle’s area makes up 4% of the large circle A. The middle solid circle C is the set AOI range, and the area of each middle circle accounts for 12.5% of the large circle A.</p

Imaging-Guided Drug Release from Glutathione-Responsive Supramolecular Porphysome Nanovesicles

Drug delivery systems that can be employed to load anticancer drugs and release them triggered by a specific stimulus, such as glutathione, are of great importance in cancer therapy. In this study, supramolecular porphysome nanovesicles that were self-assembled by amphiphilic porphyrin derivatives were successfully constructed, mainly driven by the π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions, and were used as carriers of anticancer drugs. The nanovesicles are monodispersed in shape and uniform in size. The drug loading and in vitro drug release investigations indicate that these nanovesicles are able to encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX) to achieve DOX-loaded nanovesicles, and the nanovesicles could particularly release the loaded drug triggered by a high concentration of glutathione (GSH). More importantly, the drug release in cancer cells could be monitored by fluorescent recovery of the porphyrin derivative. Cytotoxicity experiments show that the DOX-loaded nanovesicles possess comparable therapeutic effect to cancer cells as free DOX. This study presents a new strategy in the fabrication of versatile anticancer drug nanocarriers with stimuli-responsive properties. Thus, the porphysome nanovesicles demonstrated here might offer an opportunity to bridge the gap between intelligent drug delivery systems and imaging-guided drug release

Silver Nanoparticle-Assisted Photodynamic Therapy for Biofilm Eradication

As an antibiotic-free treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a promising alternative to antibiotic therapy for bacterial infections. However, the recalcitrant bacterial biofilm has manifested significant endurance to PDT, especially the gram-negative bacteria with the protective outer membrane. The ever-developing nanotechnology has provided new opportunities to overcome the biofilm infection. Here, we used silver nanoparticles as the auxiliary for PDT to implement a combined treatment against biofilms. A photosensitizer chlorin e6-modified polyethyleneimine was used as the ligands of silver nanoparticles. In the combined treatment, the silver and PDT exhibited a synergistic effect by mutually reinforcing each other. The surface plasma resonance of silver promotes the photodynamic effect to generate singlet oxygen, and the reactive oxygen can in turn stimulate the oxidative dissolution of the bactericidal Ag+. As a result, the combined treatment showed advanced antibacterial activity against both the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Moreover, the Gram-negative E. coli, which is more susceptible to silver, becomes almost extinct even in the biofilm form. The therapy on mice with epidermal wound infection verified the high effectiveness of the nanocomposite. This research developed an efficient combined therapy for biofilm eradication, which strengthens the weakness of PDT in eliminating the Gram-negative bacteria, providing an alternative way to fight biofilm-related infections