PRISMA checklist.

(DOCX)</p

Flowchart of study selection.

RCT, randomized controlled trial.</p

Sensitivity analysis.

(DOCX)</p

Summary of findings compiled using GRADE methodology.

Summary of findings compiled using GRADE methodology.</p

Forest plot for comparison: High-flow nasal cannula versus conventional oxygen therapy.

Outcomes: incidence of hypoxemic events and incidence of interrupted bronchoscopy due to desaturation. HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; COT, conventional oxygen therapy; CI, confidence interval; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel.</p

Forest plot for comparison: High-flow nasal cannula versus conventional oxygen therapy.

Outcome: lowest SpO2 during bronchoscopy. HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; COT, conventional oxygen therapy; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation.</p

Trial sequential analysis.

(TIF)</p

Characteristics of the selected randomized controlled trials.

Characteristics of the selected randomized controlled trials.</p

Search strategy.

(DOCX)</p

Methodological quality assessment of the randomized trials.

Methodological quality assessment of the randomized trials.</p