Additional file 1 of Comparison of laparoscopic hepatectomy and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 1 of Quantitative measurement of cell-surface displayed proteins based on split-GFP assembly

Supplementary Material

Effect of Low pH and Aluminum Toxicity on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Fast-Growing <i>Eucalyptus</i> Vegetatively Propagated Clones

<div><p>Knowing how acid soils and aluminum in soils may limit the growth of <i>Eucalyptus</i> trees in plantations is important because these plantations grow in many tropical and subtropical regions. Seedlings of four vegetatively propagated <i>Eucalyptus</i> clones, <i>E</i>. <i>grandis × E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> ‘GLGU9’(G9), <i>E</i>. <i>grandis × E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> ‘GLGU12’ (G12), E. <i>urophylla × E</i>. <i>camaldulensis</i> ‘GLUC3’ (G3) and <i>E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> ‘GLU4’(G4), were subjected to liquid culture with Hoagland nutrient solution for 40 days, then treated with four different treatments of acid and aluminum for 1 day. The four treatments used either pH 3.0 or 4.0 with or without added aluminum (4.4 mM) in all possible combinations; a control used no added aluminum at pH 4.8. Subsequently, the photosynthetic parameters and morphology of leaves from eucalypt seedlings were determined and observed. The results showed that the tested chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were apparently inhibited by aluminum. Under uniform Al concentration (4.4 mM), the Al-induced limitation to photosynthetic parameters increased with pH, indicating acid stimulation to Al toxicity. Among all treatments, the most significant reduction was found in the combination of pH 3.0 and 4.4 mM Al. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates showed similar trends with G9 > G12 > G3 > G4, suggesting that G9 and G12 had higher Al-tolerance than other two clones. Microscopic observation revealed changes in leaf morphology when exposed to Al stress; for example, a reduced thickness of leaf epidermis and palisade tissue, the descendant palisade tissue/spongy tissue ratio and leaf tissue looseness. Overall, the acid and aluminum stress exerted negative effects on the photosynthetic activity of eucalypt seedlings, but the differences in tolerance to Al toxicity between the clones were favorable, offering potential to improve <i>Eucalyptus</i> plantation productivity by selecting Al tolerant clones.</p></div

Regions of decreased grey matter volume at baseline in antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. <i>P</i><0.001, uncorrected, threshold = 50.

<p>Regions of decreased grey matter volume at baseline in antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. <i>P</i><0.001, uncorrected, threshold = 50.</p

Regions of increased grey matter volume from baseline to follow-up in patients with schizophrenia.

<p>Regions of increased grey matter volume from baseline to follow-up in patients with schizophrenia.</p

Changes in seedling chlorophyll content of four eucalypt clones under different acid aluminum treatments.

<p>G3 represents <i>E</i>. <i>urophylla × E</i>. <i>camaldulensis</i> ‘GLUC3’; G4, <i>E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> ‘GLU4’; G9, <i>E</i>. <i>grandis × E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> ‘GLGU9’; G12, <i>E</i>. <i>grandis × E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> ‘GLGU12’. Treatments: K_0-3, treatment with 0 mM Al³⁺, pH 3.0; K_4.4–3, 4.4 mM Al³⁺, pH 3.0; K_0-4, 0 mM Al³⁺, pH 4.0; K_4.4–4, 4.4 mM Al³⁺, pH 4.0; CK, control treatment, 0 mM Al³⁺, pH 4.8. Capital letters represent significant differences between treatments within an eucalypt clone at the 0.01 level, small letters are at the 0.05 level, n = 3.</p

Changes in transpiration rates of four eucalypt clones under different acid aluminum treatments.

<p>G3 represents <i>E</i>. <i>urophylla × E</i>. <i>camaldulensis</i> ‘GLUC3’; G4, <i>E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> ‘GLU4’; G9, <i>E</i>. <i>grandis × E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> ‘GLGU9’; G12, <i>E</i>. <i>grandis × E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> ‘GLGU12’.Treatments: K_0-3, treatment with 0 mM Al³⁺, pH 3.0; K_4.4–3, 4.4 mM Al³⁺, pH 3.0; K_0-4, 0 mM Al³⁺, pH 4.0; K_4.4–4, 4.4 mM Al³⁺, pH 4.0; CK, control treatment, 0 mM Al³⁺, pH 4.8. Capital letters represent significant differences between treatments within an eucalypt clone at the 0.01 level, small letters are at the 0.05 level, n = 3.</p

6,8-di-<i>C</i>-glycosyl flavones with <i>β</i>-furanoarabinose from <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> and their anti-inflammatory activities

<p>Two flavone di-<i>C</i>-glycosides, a pair of isomers, were isolated from <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>. The structures of compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were elucidated by means of physical data, including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Supporting theoretical calculations of the compound conformational landscape has also been conducted for geometry optimization. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of <i>β</i>-furanoarabinoside. In addition, the effects of compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> on NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, PGE2 and COX-2 levels were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The pair of isomers exhibited significant inhibitory effects on inflammation.</p

Distinct Mechanisms on Accelerating Electron Transfer to Facilitate Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion Modulated by Various Microalgae Biochar

Microalgae-derived biochar are promising candidates to accelerate electron transfer during anaerobic digestion (AD) due to inherent advantages, but the mechanisms are unclear since they are highly related to microalgae species. In this work, distinct electron transfer mechanisms modulated by biochar derived from Scenedesmus sp. (SBC) and Chlorella sp. (CBC) were investigated during two-stage AD. Overall, adding biochar enhanced direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) by increasing the relative abundance of related microorganisms like Firmicutes and Methanosaeta. Furthermore, SBC showed a foamy honeycomb structure with abundant functional groups, a rough surface, and irregular holes, which provided habitats for microorganism colonization and acted as an electron conductor for facilitating conductive material-mediated DIET (i.e., cDIET). Meanwhile, CBC showed a closed spherical granule structure having a smooth surface and low porosity, leading to stack of microorganisms on the biochar surface and causing bioelectrically triggered DIET (i.e., bDIET) via upregulated secretion of Flavins and C-type cytochromes. Results indicate that the electron transfer rate via bDIET was one order of magnitude higher than that via cDIET, resulting in a 53.9% increase on H2 yield and a 9.1% increase on CH4 yield in the CBC group compared to SBC group. These findings can enrich knowledge gaps of electron transfer mechanisms modulated by microalgae biochar and may inspire more efficient AD processes

Asymmetric Michael Addition Induced by (<i>R</i>)-<i>tert</i>-Butanesulfinamide and Syntheses of Chiral Pyrazolidinone Derivatives

A highly diastereoselective Michael addition of (<i>R</i>)-<i>N</i>-<i>tert</i>-butanesulfinyl imidates <b>8</b> to α,β-unsaturated pyrazolidinone <b>3a</b> has been developed to afford pyrazolidinones <b>10</b> possessing three contiguous stereocenters with good to excellent yield and excellent diastereoselectivity. A two-step conversion of reduction and cyclization provides the bicyclic pyrazolopiperidine <b>12</b> in a good yield. A series of pyrazolopiperidine derivatives <b>18</b> with a quaternary carbon center at C-3a are stereoselectively synthesized via alkylation or Michael addition