FTIR spectra of graphite (a), GO (b) and RGOs (L-AA RGO-1 (c), D-GLC RGO-1 (d), N RGO (e), TP RGO (f), L-AA RGO-2 (g) and D-GLC RGO-2 (h)).

<p>FTIR spectra of graphite (a), GO (b) and RGOs (L-AA RGO-1 (c), D-GLC RGO-1 (d), N RGO (e), TP RGO (f), L-AA RGO-2 (g) and D-GLC RGO-2 (h)).</p

Possible reaction mechanism of GO reduction by D-GLC.

<p>Possible reaction mechanism of GO reduction by D-GLC.</p

Possible reaction mechanism of GO reduction by TP (R in the chemical equation represent the other structures in EGCG for simplification in illustration purpose).

<p>Possible reaction mechanism of GO reduction by TP (R in the chemical equation represent the other structures in EGCG for simplification in illustration purpose).</p

C1s XPS spectra of graphite, GO and RGOs.

<p>C1s XPS spectra of graphite, GO and RGOs.</p

Possible reaction mechanism of GO reduction by L-AA.

<p>Possible reaction mechanism of GO reduction by L-AA.</p

Raman spectroscopy spectra of graphite (a), GO (b) and RGOs (L-AA RGO-1 (c), L-AA RGO-2 (d), D-GLC RGO-1 (e), D-GLC RGO-2 (f), N RGO (g), and TP RGO (h)).

<p>Raman spectroscopy spectra of graphite (a), GO (b) and RGOs (L-AA RGO-1 (c), L-AA RGO-2 (d), D-GLC RGO-1 (e), D-GLC RGO-2 (f), N RGO (g), and TP RGO (h)).</p

Photograph of the samples (0.1 mg·mL^-1, GO (a) and RGOs (L-AA RGO-1 (b), L-AA RGO-2 (c), D-GLC RGO-1 (d), D-GLC RGO-2 (e), N RGO (f), and TP RGO (g)).

<p>Photograph of the samples (0.1 mg·mL^-1, GO (a) and RGOs (L-AA RGO-1 (b), L-AA RGO-2 (c), D-GLC RGO-1 (d), D-GLC RGO-2 (e), N RGO (f), and TP RGO (g)).</p

Model Emulsions Stabilized with Nonionic Surfactants: Structure and Rheology Across Catastrophic Phase Inversion

The catastrophic phase inversion process of model emulsions (water/Span 80-Tween 80/heptane) from oil-in-water to water-in-oil emulsion was investigated. During this process, the phase inversion of the emulsion was monitored through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In emulsions without NaCl, oil-in-water gel emulsions are formed prior to phase inversion. As the HLB value increases, the oil volume fraction required for phase inversion becomes higher. Polydisperse distribution of the gel emulsion is observed from microscope optical images. The Turbiscan Lab stability analyzer indicates that O/W gel emulsions before the phase inversion has good stability at 50 °C. Rheological measurements reveal that emulsions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior. The viscosity of the gel emulsions increases significantly prior to phase inversion. As the oil volume fraction increases, the storage modulus and loss modulus of the gel emulsion increase to a maximum, at which catastrophic phase inversion occurs. In emulsions with NaCl, there is no oil-in-water gel emulsion formed before phase inversion. The physicochemical properties of the emulsion play a crucial role in whether gel emulsions are produced during catastrophic phase inversion. These gel emulsions have the potential to diversify the applications in crude oil extraction, drug delivery systems, packaging materials, and other fields

Periploca indica

Versatile pyrrole- and dihydropyrrole-fused neonicotinoids were obtained from cyclic and non-cyclic nitroeneamines. Anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) exhibited high catalytic selectivity for the synthesis of the titled etherified compounds at room temperature and the eliminated products under reflux conditions. The target molecules have been identified on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectral [¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and X-ray] data. All synthesized compounds have been screened for insecticidal activity. The preliminary insecticidal activity results showed that some of the aimed compounds displayed excellent insecticidal activity against cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora)

Mie Resonances Enabled Subtractive Structural Colors with Low-Index-Contrast Silicon Metasurfaces

All-dielectric structural colors are attracting increasing attention due to their great potential for various applications in display devices, imaging security certification, optical data storage, and so on. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve vivid structural colors with low-aspect-ratio silicon nanostructures directly on a silicon substrate, which is highly desirable for future integrated optoelectronic devices. The main obstacle comes from the difficulty in achieving strong Mie resonances by Si nanostructures on low-index-contrast substrates. Here, we demonstrate a generic principle to create vivid bright field structural colors by using silicon nanopillars directly on top of the silicon substrate. Complementary colors across the full visible spectrum are achieved as a result of the enhanced absorption due to Mie resonances. It is shown that the color saturation increases with the increasing of the nanopillar height. Remarkably, blue and black colors are generated by trapezoid nanopillar arrays as a result of the absorption at long wavelengths or all visible wavelengths. Our strategy provides a powerful scheme for accelerating the integrated optoelectronic applications in nanoscale color printing, imaging, and displays