Model Seleksi Premi Asuransi Jiwa Dwiguna untuk Kasus Multiple Decrement

This article discusses a select survival model for the case of multiple decrements in evaluating endowment life insurance premium for person currently aged ( + ) years, who is selected at age with ℎ years selection period. The case of multiple decrements in this case is limited to two cases. The calculation of the annual premium is done by prior evaluating of the single premium, and the present value of annuity depends on theconstant force assumption

Pathogenic Bacteria in Sewage Treatment Plants as Revealed by 454 Pyrosequencing

This study applied 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing to analyze potentially pathogenic bacteria in activated sludge from 14 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across four countries (China, U.S., Canada, and Singapore), plus the influent and effluent of one of the 14 WWTPs. A total of 370 870 16S rRNA gene sequences with average length of 207 bps were obtained and all of them were assigned to corresponding taxonomic ranks by using RDP classifier and MEGAN. It was found that the most abundant potentially pathogenic bacteria in the WWTPs were affiliated with the genera of Aeromonas and Clostridium. Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Clostridium perfringens were species most similar to the potentially pathogenic bacteria found in this study. Some sequences highly similar (>99%) to Corynebacterium diphtheriae were found in the influent and activated sludge samples from a saline WWTP. Overall, the percentage of the sequences closely related (>99%) to known pathogenic bacteria sequences was about 0.16% of the total sequences. Additionally, a platform-independent Java application (BAND) was developed for graphical visualization of the data of microbial abundance generated by high-throughput pyrosequencing. The approach demonstrated in this study could examine most of the potentially pathogenic bacteria simultaneously instead of one-by-one detection by other methods

Preparation and Structure of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Polyacrylate Elastomer Composite Hydrogels and Their Application in Wastewater Treatment by Immobilizing with Microorganisms

Poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/powdered ethyl acrylate rubber (ACM) composite hydrogels were prepared through in situ chemical cross-linking. The addition of ACM could accelerate the cross-linking reaction of PVA, and increase pore nucleus, resulting in a decrease of pore size and formation of a homogeneous and compact porous network structure. Under proper content of ACM, the shear elastic modulus (<i>G</i>′) and network density (ν_e) of the composite hydrogels can be improved, leading to an enhancement of the mechanical property and hydraulic shock resistance. The PVA/1.5 wt % ACM hydrogel presented the best long-term hydraulic stability, and the toughening mechanism was studied. The values of oxygen uptake rate and chemical oxygen demand removal rate of PVA/ACM composite hydrogels embedded with microorganism fluctuated with the addition of ACM, and a high microorganism activity can be retained

An example of interventional materials.

An example of interventional materials.</p

The rates of parameters used in the auto-regulation systems.

<p>The rates of parameters used in the auto-regulation systems.</p

Simulation of <i>E. coli</i> Gene Regulation including Overlapping Cell Cycles, Growth, Division, Time Delays and Noise

<div><p>Due to the complexity of biological systems, simulation of biological networks is necessary but sometimes complicated. The classic stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) by Gillespie and its modified versions are widely used to simulate the stochastic dynamics of biochemical reaction systems. However, it has remained a challenge to implement accurate and efficient simulation algorithms for general reaction schemes in growing cells. Here, we present a modeling and simulation tool, called ‘<i>GeneCircuits</i>’, which is specifically developed to simulate gene-regulation in exponentially growing bacterial cells (such as <i>E. coli</i>) with overlapping cell cycles. Our tool integrates three specific features of these cells that are not generally included in SSA tools: 1) the time delay between the regulation and synthesis of proteins that is due to transcription and translation processes; 2) cell cycle-dependent periodic changes of gene dosage; and 3) variations in the propensities of chemical reactions that have time-dependent reaction rates as a consequence of volume expansion and cell division. We give three biologically relevant examples to illustrate the use of our simulation tool in quantitative studies of systems biology and synthetic biology.</p></div

Complete mitochondrial genome of <i>Morphostenophanes yunnanus</i> (Zhou, 2020) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and phylogenetic analysis

Morphostenophanes yunnanus (Zhou, 2020) is widely distributed from central to eastern Yunnan with distinct geographical variations in morphology. Beetles were collected in Manwan Town, and a mitochondrial genome sequence (GenBank accession number MZ298928) of this species was sequenced using the MGI-SEQ 2000 platform, assembled using NOVOPlasty v4.3.1, and characterized. The mitogenome was a circular DNA molecule of 15,690 bp with 64.710% AT content, which comprised 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region. The protein-coding genes showed the typical ATN (Met) and TTG (Met) start codons, except nad1 and cox1 (TTG as start codon), and were terminated by typical TAN stop codons. The maximum-likelihood polygenetic tree was generated using protein sequences of thirteen protein-coding regions of seventeen mitogenomes with mtREV + G + F + I with 1000 replicates under the Bayesian information criterion using MEGA 11, which showed that M. yunnanus was the most closely related to M. sinicus. This study provides essential genetic and molecular data for phylogenetic analyses of the genus Morphostenophanes.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Environmental factors indirectly reduce phytoplankton community stability via functional diversity.docx

The biodiversity-stability relationship is a fundamental subject of ecological research. Considerable evidence demonstrates that biodiversity can either increase or decrease stability. Most relevant research mainly focuses on grassland and forest ecosystems. The biodiversity-stability relationship in aquatic ecosystems and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To fill the gap, we conducted a year-long study on the phytoplankton of reservoir ecosystems in the Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) to test the following hypotheses: (H1) phytoplankton species richness and functional diversity directly reduce phytoplankton community stability in reservoir ecosystems; (H2) nutrient enrichment and water temperature increasing directly reduce phytoplankton community stability; and (H3) nutrients and water temperature indirectly reduce phytoplankton community stability via biodiversity. The structural equation model (SEM) found that functional diversity (community-weighted means of traits and functional divergence) had significant negative correlations with phytoplankton community stability (p 0.05). This finding partially supported the hypothesis H1, which suggested that the functional diversity had a closer tie with stability than the species diversity. SEM did not find any direct effect of environmental factors on phytoplankton community stability, which rejected our hypothesis H2. Instead, SEM found that water temperature and phosphate decreased phytoplankton community stability by increasing the first principal component of the community-weighted means of traits (CWM_PC1), which supported hypothesis H3. Further analysis showed that the increased water temperature and phosphate concentration can promote “r-strategists” species (larger CWM_PC1), which are less resistant to environmental disturbances, therefore decreasing the phytoplankton community stability. Our study highlights the importance of functional diversity in maintaining the relationship between biodiversity and stability in the phytoplankton community, which may provide a mechanistic understanding of the biodiversity-stability relationships in aquatic ecosystems.</p

A multi-material topology optimization with temperature-dependent thermoelastic properties

This is a study on the development of a novel multi-material topology optimization scheme considering temperature-dependent thermoelastic properties for engineering structure design. Two cases, a three-point-bending beam under a uniform temperature field and a cantilever beam under a non-uniform temperature field, are investigated for the effects of thermoelastic properties on topology optimization. The proposed optimization scheme is compared with two existing topology optimization approaches: conventional topology optimization and thermoelastic topology optimization. The results show that the temperature-dependent elastic modulus dominantly influences the design optimization outcomes, in terms of material distribution, structural shape and compliance, while the temperature-dependent thermal expansion coefficient has a much more crucial impact on determining the material distribution and structural geometry than on compliance. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that the developed topology optimization scheme can be used to design thermally sensitive multi-materials in industrial applications, e.g. aerospace structures under high temperature and polymers in additive manufacturing.</p