Visual effect on tone identification (Wei et al., 2022)

Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated that tone identification can be facilitated when auditory tones are integrated with visual information that depicts the pitch contours of the auditory tones (hereafter, visual effect). This study investigates this visual effect in combined visual–auditory integration with high- and low-variability speech and examines whether one’s prior tonal-language learning experience shapes the strength of this visual effect. Method: Thirty Mandarin-naïve listeners, 25 Mandarin second language learners, and 30 native Mandarin listeners participated in a tone identification task in which participants judged whether an auditory tone was rising or falling in pitch. Moving arrows depicted the pitch contours of the auditory tones. A priming paradigm was used with the target auditory tones primed by four multimodal conditions: no stimuli (A−V−), visual-only stimuli (A−V+), auditory-only stimuli (A+V−), and both auditory and visual stimuli (A+V+). Results: For Mandarin naïve listeners, the visual effect in accuracy produced under the cross-modal integration (A+V+ vs. A+V−) was superior to a unimodal approach (A−V+ vs. A−V−), as evidenced by a higher d prime of A+V+ as opposed to A+V−. However, this was not the case in response time. Additionally, the visual effect in accuracy and response time under the unimodal approach only occurred for high-variability speech, not for low-variability speech. Across the three groups of listeners, we found that the less tonal-language learning experience one had, the stronger the visual effect. Conclusion: Our study revealed the visual–auditory advantage and disadvantage of the visual effect and the joint contribution of visual–auditory integration and high-variability speech on facilitating tone perception via the process of speech symbolization and categorization. Supplemental Material S1. Intensity, pitch fundamental frequency (fo) of the T2 and T4 starting points and ending points, and tone duration averaged across the four syllables (“ba,” “pa,” “da,” and “ta”) used in the experiment for the high-variability (H+) stimuli and the low-variability (H–) stimuli.  Supplemental Material S2. A description of the stimuli presented in each of the three incongruent conditions. Supplemental Material S3. Means, standard deviations (in parentheses), and ANOVA statistics of the accuracy of the Mandarin learners. Supplemental Material S4. Means, standard deviations (in parentheses), and ANOVA statistics of the RT (ms) of the Mandarin learners.  Supplemental Material S5. Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) of the accuracy of the native Mandarin listeners. Supplemental Material S6. Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) of the RT (ms) of the native Mandarin listeners. Wei, Y., Jia, L., Gao, F., & Wang, J. (2022). Visual–auditory integration and high-variability speech can facilitate Mandarin Chinese tone identification. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00691</p

Additional file 1 of Lipoprotein (a) and myocardial infarction: impact on long-term mortality

Additional file 1. ROC curve analysis of Lp(a) for mortality. Lp(a) cutoff value of 274.5 mg/L on admission predicts all-cause mortality (additional file 1. A) and cardiac mortality (additional file 1. B) in patients (accuracy: 0.6660, 95% CI: 0.5696–0.7623, sensitivity: 80.0%, and specificity: 55.7%, P =0.0024, additional file 1. A; accuracy: 0.6499, 95% CI: 0.5423–0.7574, sensitivity: 76.9%, and specificity: 55.1%, P =0.0103, additional file 1.B)

DataSheet_1_Different treatment regimens in breast cancer visceral crisis: A retrospective cohort study.docx

ObjectiveBreast cancer visceral crisis (VC) is caused by excessive tumor burden leading to severe organ dysfunction with poor prognosis. Traditional chemotherapy reduces the quality of life of patients without significantly improving survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with VC and the prognosis by using different treatment options.MethodsAccording to the 5th European School of Oncology (ESO)–European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) international consensus guidelines for advanced breast cancer guidelines (ABC 5), patients who were treated in the First Hospital of Jilin University from 2018 to 2022 and diagnosed with breast cancer VC were retrospectively analyzed. The analysis focused on the characteristics of the patients, the treatment regimens, and prognosis.ResultsA total of 133 patients were included in this study. As for metastasis breast cancer subtype, 92 (69.18%) were hormone receptor (HR) positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) negative, 20 (15.04%) had HER-2 overexpression, and 21 (15.78%) were triple negative. All patients had an mOS of 11.2 months (range, 1.1–107.8 months). In different types of VC, the median overall survival (mOS) of bone marrow metastasis (BMM) was 18.0 months (range, 2.0–107.8 months), that of diffuse liver metastasis (DLM) was 8.1 months (range, 1.3–30.2 months), and that of meningeal metastasis (MM) was 9.0 months (range, 1.2–53.8 months). In 92 HR+, Her-2− patients using different treatment regimens, mOS was 6.2 months (range, 1.2–29.8 months) in the chemotherapy group while it was 24.3 months (range, 3.1–107.8 months) in the endocrine therapy (ET) group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores and type of VC were associated with survival.ConclusionPrognosis varied in different types of VC. Patients with BMM had the best prognosis, and DLM had the worst. As treatment options continue to progress, our retrospective study showed a significant prolongation of overall survival (OS) in patients with VC compared to previous studies.</p

Supplementary_Table_1 – Supplemental material for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Table_1 for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by Yunfang Huang, Yun Zhang, Lin Jia, Changxuan Liu and Fang Xu in The International Journal of Biological Markers</p

Supplementary_Table_4 – Supplemental material for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Table_4 for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by Yunfang Huang, Yun Zhang, Lin Jia, Changxuan Liu and Fang Xu in The International Journal of Biological Markers</p

Supplementary_Figure_1_1 – Supplemental material for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figure_1_1 for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by Yunfang Huang, Yun Zhang, Lin Jia, Changxuan Liu and Fang Xu in The International Journal of Biological Markers</p

Supplementary_Figure_2 – Supplemental material for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Figure_2 for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by Yunfang Huang, Yun Zhang, Lin Jia, Changxuan Liu and Fang Xu in The International Journal of Biological Markers</p

Supplementary_Table_3 – Supplemental material for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Table_3 for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by Yunfang Huang, Yun Zhang, Lin Jia, Changxuan Liu and Fang Xu in The International Journal of Biological Markers</p

Supplementary_Table_2 – Supplemental material for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Table_2 for Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression and correlates with pejorative prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by Yunfang Huang, Yun Zhang, Lin Jia, Changxuan Liu and Fang Xu in The International Journal of Biological Markers</p

Data of amylase, Cr (endogenous creatinine), TB (total bilirubin) and TNF-alpha for groups at each time point.

<p>In ANP and SO, ^a<i>P</i><0.05 vs 0 h;^b<i>P</i><0.05 vs 3 h; ^c<i>P</i><0.05 vs 6 h; ^d<i>P</i><0.05 vs 12 h.</p><p>There were significantly differences between ANP and SO at each time point.</p><p>Cr: endogenous creatinine, TB: total bilirubin.</p><p>ANP 3 h group n = 10, ANP 6 h group n = 8, ANP 12 h group n = 8, ANP 24 h group n = 6.</p><p>Data for each group at each time point (mean (SEM))</p