Memory performance in the control and positive conditions in Experiment 2.

For the control group, memory scores in the delayed test did not significantly differ from those in the immediate test; for the positive group, memory scores in the delayed test was significantly lower than those in the immediate test. Time 1 and time 2 represent immediate test and delayed test, respectively. Error bars represent standard errors.</p

The steps and their duration in Experiment 1.

The steps and their duration in Experiment 1.</p

Participants' characteristics in the control and positive groups in Experiment 2.

Participants' characteristics in the control and positive groups in Experiment 2.</p

Memory performance in the control and positive conditions in Experiment 1.

For the control group, memory scores in the delayed test did not significantly differ from those in the immediate test; for the positive group, memory scores in the delayed test was significantly lower than those in the immediate test. Time 1 and time 2 represent immediate test and delayed test, respectively. Error bars represent standard errors.</p

Mood and arousal ratings in the control and positive conditions in Experiment 2.

(A) For participants in the control condition, mood ratings before video presentation, after video presentation and before delayed test did not significantly differ. For participants in the positive condition, mood ratings after video presentation and before delayed test were significantly higher than before video presentation. (B) Whether in the control condition or in the positive condition, arousal ratings before video presentation, after video presentation and before delayed test did not significantly differ. Time 1: before video presentation; time 2: after video presentation; time 3: before delayed test. Error bars represent standard errors.</p

The steps and their duration in Experiment 2.

The steps and their duration in Experiment 2.</p

Mood and arousal ratings in the control and positive conditions in Experiment 1.

(A) For participants in the control condition, mood ratings before video presentation, after video presentation and before delayed test did not significantly differ. For participants in the positive condition, mood ratings after video presentation was significantly higher than before video presentation; mood ratings before delayed test was significantly lower than before video presentation. (B) For participants in the control condition, arousal ratings before video presentation, after video presentation and before delayed test did not significantly differ. For participants in the positive condition, arousal ratings after video presentation was significantly higher than before video presentation; arousal ratings before delayed test did not significantly differ from that before video presentation.</p

Participants' characteristics in the control and positive groups in Experiment 1.

Participants' characteristics in the control and positive groups in Experiment 1.</p

Observation of Nanosecond Hot Carrier Decay in Graphene

An extremely long decay time of hot carriers in graphene at room temperature was observed for the first time by monitoring the photoinduced thermionic emission using a highly sensitive time-of-flight angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy method. The emission persisted beyond 1 ns, two orders of magnitude longer than previously reported carrier decay. The long lifetime was attributed to the excitation of image potential states at very low laser fluencies

Results of UB area expansion model in the YB from 2000 to 2018.

(a) From 2000 to 2005; (b) From 2005 to 2010; (c) From 2010 to 2015; (d) From 2015 to 2018.</p