Visual grouping in accordance with utterance planning facilitates speech production

Research on language production has focused on the process of utterance planning and involved studying the synchronization between visual gaze and the production of sentences that refer to objects in the immediate visual environment. However, it remains unclear how the visual grouping of these objects might influence this process. To shed light on this issue, the present research examined the effects of the visual grouping of objects in a visual display on utterance planning in two experiments. Participants produced utterances of the form "The snail and the necklace are above/below/on the left/right side of the toothbrush" for objects containing these referents (e.g., a snail, a necklace and a toothbrush). These objects were grouped using classic Gestalt principles of color similarity (Experiment 1) and common region (Experiment 2) so that the induced perceptual grouping was congruent or incongruent with the required phrasal organization. The results showed that speech onset latencies were shorter in congruent than incongruent conditions. The findings therefore reveal that the congruency between the visual grouping of referents and the required phrasal organization can influence speech production. Such findings suggest that, when language is produced in a visual context, speakers make use of both visual and linguistic cues to plan utterances

Visual grouping in accordance with utterance planning facilitates speech production

Research on language production has focused on the process of utterance planning and involved studying the synchronization between visual gaze and the production of sentences that refer to objects in the immediate visual environment. However, it remains unclear how the visual grouping of these objects might influence this process. To shed light on this issue, the present research examined the effects of the visual grouping of objects in a visual display on utterance planning in two experiments. Participants produced utterances of the form "The snail and the necklace are above/below/on the left/right side of the toothbrush" for objects containing these referents (e.g., a snail, a necklace and a toothbrush). These objects were grouped using classic Gestalt principles of color similarity (Experiment 1) and common region (Experiment 2) so that the induced perceptual grouping was congruent or incongruent with the required phrasal organization. The results showed that speech onset latencies were shorter in congruent than incongruent conditions. The findings therefore reveal that the congruency between the visual grouping of referents and the required phrasal organization can influence speech production. Such findings suggest that, when language is produced in a visual context, speakers make use of both visual and linguistic cues to plan utterances

Additional file 1 of HMGB1 promotes Ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell damage by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Additional file 1: Original images of western blots displayed in Fig. 1G, Fig. 2A, Fig. 3A and Fig. 4A

Additional file 2 of Transcriptomic analysis of Vigna radiata in response to chilling stress and uniconazole application

Additional file 2: Table S2. Effect of uniconazole on DEGs in mungbean leaves under chilling stress at the Rl stage

Modified Electrostatic Complementary Score Function and Its Application Boundary Exploration in Drug Design

In recent years, machine learning (ML) models have been found to quickly predict various molecular properties with accuracy comparable to high-level quantum chemistry methods. One such example is the calculation of electrostatic potential (ESP). Different ESP prediction ML models were proposed to generate surface molecular charge distribution. Electrostatic complementarity (EC) can apply ESP data to quantify the complementarity between a ligand and its binding pocket, leading to the potential to increase the efficiency of drug design. However, there is not much research discussing EC score functions and their applicability domain. We propose a new EC score function modified from the one originally developed by Bauer and Mackey, and confirm its effectiveness against the available Pearson’s R correlation coefficient. Additionally, the applicability domain of the EC score and two indices used to define the EC score application scope will be discussed

Additional file 3 of Transcriptomic analysis of Vigna radiata in response to chilling stress and uniconazole application

Additional file 3: Table S3. Expression level of genes associatedwith ribosome (Vra03010) in mung bean

Novel g‑C₃N₄/C/Fe₂O₃ Composite for Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI) under Light Irradiation

Research on the rational design of photocatalysts for efficient hexavalent chromium (Cr­(VI)) reduction from Cr­(VI)-containing wastewater has attracted widespread attention. In this paper, a novel g-C3N4/C/Fe2O3 photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by anchoring g-C3N4 nanosheets onto C/Fe2O3 that was prepared using collagen fiber as the biochar resource following the Fe tanning mechanism to reduce Cr­(VI) under artificial solar irradiation. Under the same conditions, the as-prepared g-C3N4/C/Fe2O3 photocatalyst exhibited higher Cr­(VI) reduction efficiency than g-C3N4, and the Cr­(VI) reduction efficiency increased as Fe content in the g-C3N4/C/Fe2O3 photocatalyst increased. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was primarily ascribed to the formation of an indirect Z-scheme heterojunction between C/Fe2O3 and g-C3N4, which improved the separation efficiency of the photogenerated charge carrier. Furthermore, radical trapping indicated that photoinduced electrons (e–) were the main factor for Cr­(VI) reduction. This work provides guidance for high value-added utilization of collagen fiber in constructing efficient light-driven photocatalysts and practical Cr­(VI) removal from wastewater

Additional file 6 of Transcriptomic analysis of Vigna radiata in response to chilling stress and uniconazole application

Additional file 6: Figure S2. Pearsoncorrelation between samples

Additional file 1 of Transcriptomic analysis of Vigna radiata in response to chilling stress and uniconazole application

Additional file 1: Table S1. Selected genes and primers forquantitative qRT–PCR

Additional file 5 of Transcriptomic analysis of Vigna radiata in response to chilling stress and uniconazole application

Additional file 5: Figure S1. Effects of uniconazole on photosynthetic pigments in Lvfeng 5 under chillingstress at the R1 stage