Galactic Phylogenetics

Phylogenetics is a widely used concept in evolutionary biology. It is the reconstruction of evolutionary history by building trees that represent branching patterns and sequences. These trees represent shared history, and it is our intention for this approach to be employed in the analysis of Galactic history. In Galactic archaeology the shared environment is the interstellar medium in which stars form and provides the basis for tree-building as a methodological tool. Using elemental abundances of solar-type stars as a proxy for DNA, we built in Jofre et al 2017 such an evolutionary tree to study the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood. In this proceeding we summarise these results and discuss future prospects.Comment: Contribution to IAU Symposium No. 334: Rediscovering our Galax

Consensus Bayesian network .

<p>27 genes were identified from the EcoCyc ROS detoxification pathway.</p

Comparison of the accuracies.

<p>Where is the number of edges in the Bayesian network, is the number of missing edges, is the number of extra edges. The true structures of ALARM net and Chest-clinic net contain 46 directed edges and 8 directed edges, respectively.</p

4 genes identified by the prediction program.

<p>Genes , were identified from the EcoCyc ROS detoxification pathway. The interactions between gene and gene can also be found in EcoCyc database.</p

Extension and simplification of CPT.

<p>Extension and simplification of CPT.</p

Three possible situations in the extended Bayesian network .

<p>Where , , and may be two nodes or two node sets with each node in them has a directed edge point to . In , solid lines represent the edges in originally, and dashed lines represent the extended edges. The undirected edge represents one of these three cases: (1) directed edge ; (2) directed edge ; (3) and is disconnect.</p

An example to demonstrate the combination of two Bayesian networks.

<p>Assume that weights , , and we have two Bayesian networks as shown in and . The CPTs of in the two Bayesian networks do not have a same form, so they need to be extended. After extending the CPTs, the two Bayesian networks' structures and every corresponding CPTs' forms are completely the same(as shown in and , the dashed edges represent bogus edges), and then the aggregation function can be applied to aggregate the conditional probabilities in corresponding positions of each corresponding CPTs. For example, . In the combined Bayesian network as shown in , we need to use variance to test 's two parent nodes, , , so is a bogus parent. Then the CPT of need to be simplified and the bogus edge should be deleted. The consensus Bayesian network is shown in .</p

A Kind of Coordination Complex Cement for the Self-Assembly of Superstructure

Not like the macroscopic building materials, the controllable assembly of blocks into superstructure has not been conquered in microscale, especially for the ordinary particles with shape defects and weak surface activities. Here, a facile route of assembling particles into superstructures utilizing Mo-polydopamine complex as the binder and curing agent is established. A side-by-side adsorption and growth mechanism in a water/ethanol system is derived, and the factors influencing the final structures are verified. This system is suitable to assemble superstructures from particles of different shapes such as nanospheres, nanocubes, nanorods, and hollow spheres in the range from 10 to 500 nm in size. And after high temperature and etching treatment, the generated MoO₂/N/C frameworks with superpore structures derived from different blocks exhibit a high structural plasticity and potential application as multifunctional carriers for energy storage. Rather than the obtained system, our work assembles superstructures from various building blocks and explores more valuable complex cements for superstructures construction

The image-level representation constructed by SPM and SDP following Fig 1.

<p>The blue circle is the visual word described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131164#pone.0131164.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>. For two similar piano images, SDP generates two equal image-level feature vectors, but SPM generates inconsistent image-level feature vectors.</p

Design of Highly Stable Iminophosphoranes as Recyclable Organocatalysts: Application to Asymmetric Chlorinations of Oxindoles

A new family of tartaric acid derived chiral iminophosphoranes has been developed as highly effective organocatalysts in the asymmetric chlorinations of 3-substituted oxindoles with a high level of enantioselectivity. Importantly, these catalysts are air- and moisture-stable. Recovery of the catalyst after simple chromatographic separation for reuse in the model reaction was achieved; the catalyst can be recycled six times without loss of any enantioselectivity. Several advantages of this catalytic process are high conversion after a very short reaction time at ambient temperature, low catalytic loading, and scale-up to multigram quantities with an excellent enantiomeric excess value of >99%, which meets the enantiomeric purity required for pharmaceutical purposes