Table_1_Continuance intention to use mobile learning for second language acquisition based on the technology acceptance model and self-determination theory.docx

IntroductionThis study examines the factors that predict Chinese students’ continuance intention to use mobile learning for second language acquisition based on the technology acceptance model and self-determination theory.MethodOne hundred seventy undergraduates have participated in the survey and the structural equation modeling is conducted to assess the validity of the integrated model and hypotheses.ResultsThe findings show that instructor support can significantly predict autonomy, competence and relatedness. Autonomy and competence are positively related to perceived ease of use and continuance intention to use mobile learning for English acquisition. Relatedness significantly correlates with perceived ease of use but is not directly related to learners’ continuance intention. The relationship between perceived ease of use and continuance intention to adopt mobile learning is positive and significant. In addition, the results show that instructor support, autonomy, relatedness, competence and perceived ease of use can predict Chinese students’ continuance intention to use m-learning for second language acquisition, with 70.5% of the total variance in continuance intention being explained by these five variables.ConclusionThese results thus empirically support the integrated model, which can be used as a theoretical framework in future studies on mobile learning in higher education contexts. Moreover, the results of this study have a number of practical implications for universities and instructors.</p

Solvation in Electrospray Mass Spectrometry: Effects on the Reaction Kinetics of Fragmentation Mediated by Ion-Neutral Complexes

In electrospray ionization (ESI) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, benzydamine, a molecule with an N,N-dimethylaminopropoxyl side chain, showed a fragmentation pattern in Q1 scans that is dramatically different from the mass-selected collision-induced dissociation (CID) of its MH+ ion. The N,N-dimethylimmonium ion, which dominates in Q1 scans at higher energies, is only a minor product in all CID spectra. By using a smaller model molecule, N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine, with the kinetic energy release measured for the corresponding reaction, we have demonstrated that an ion-neutral complex composed of the N,N-dimethylazetidine cation and a neutral counterpart is involved. When the ion-neutral complex intermediate evolves toward elimination to form the immonium ion, the transition state is stabilized by the neutral species. Solvation of the ion-neutral complex, which obstructs the separation of the two partners by the resulting tighter enclosure, facilitates the elimination by enhancing the stabilization of the transition state. Therefore, the prevalence of the immonium ion in Q1 scans was a result of solvation in the ESI source. In CID reactions, where the decomposing ions are mass-selected and thus solvation does not exist, the immonium ion was a minor product, and the separation of the ion-neutral complex became dominant

Additional file 3 of Population structure analysis to explore genetic diversity and geographical distribution characteristics of wild tea plant in Guizhou Plateau

Additional file 3: Table S1. Sampling localities of 159 wild tea accessions

Additional file 2 of Population structure analysis to explore genetic diversity and geographical distribution characteristics of wild tea plant in Guizhou Plateau

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Geographic distribution of 159 materials collected at different altitudes and rock types. Note: (A) Geographical position. (B) Distribution map of altitude, rock type and sample point in Guizhou Plateau. Figure S2. Graph for CV error in the range of K=1-9 of 159 wild tea accessions. Figure S3. ML tree of four geologically suitable areas. Note: I Dolomite sub-suitable area, II Dolomitic limestone suitable area, III Clastic rock most suitable area, IV Purple clastic rock suitable area

Additional file 4 of Population structure analysis to explore genetic diversity and geographical distribution characteristics of wild tea plant in Guizhou Plateau

Additional file 4: Table S1. Genotyping of 98,241 SNPs based on GBS in 159 wild tea accessions

Additional file 1 of Population structure analysis to explore genetic diversity and geographical distribution characteristics of wild tea plant in Guizhou Plateau

Additional file 1: Table S1. Information of 159 wild tea accessions used in this study. Table S2. The quality control data of 159 wild tea accessions. Table S3. Statistics of Heterozygosity Rate of 98,241 SNPs in 159 wild tea accessions. Table S4. SNP density. Table S5. Statistics of the number and ratio of the accessions of species, rock classes and geologically suitable area in three inferred populations. Table S6. Statistics of the number and ratio of the accessions of altitude gradient in three inferred populations. Table S7. The soil nutrient content and altitude factor of 159 wild tea accessions

Electrocoalescence of Two Drops with Different Surfactant Concentrations Suspended in Oil

In this study, the electrocoalescence characteristic of two drops with different surfactant concentrations suspended in oil is revealed. Different from the symmetrical coalescence of identical drops, the asymmetrical liquid bridge is induced by the capillary force, which involves the interfacial tension gradient between the drops. In addition, a mushroom-like jet is formed during asymmetrical coalescence, causing mixing of drops. A characteristic time considering the interfacial tension gradient is proposed to describe the asymmetrical liquid bridge evolution. The mushroom-like jet is found to be driven by the pressure difference between drops, which has a positive correlation with the interfacial tension gradient. Moreover, it is found that the electrocoalescence time is shortened as the interfacial tension increases. This study indicates that increasing the interfacial tension gradient will enhance the jet flow rate and reduce the coalescence time, which is of significance to improve the mixing efficiency of the drops

Electrocoalescence of Two Drops with Different Surfactant Concentrations Suspended in Oil

In this study, the electrocoalescence characteristic of two drops with different surfactant concentrations suspended in oil is revealed. Different from the symmetrical coalescence of identical drops, the asymmetrical liquid bridge is induced by the capillary force, which involves the interfacial tension gradient between the drops. In addition, a mushroom-like jet is formed during asymmetrical coalescence, causing mixing of drops. A characteristic time considering the interfacial tension gradient is proposed to describe the asymmetrical liquid bridge evolution. The mushroom-like jet is found to be driven by the pressure difference between drops, which has a positive correlation with the interfacial tension gradient. Moreover, it is found that the electrocoalescence time is shortened as the interfacial tension increases. This study indicates that increasing the interfacial tension gradient will enhance the jet flow rate and reduce the coalescence time, which is of significance to improve the mixing efficiency of the drops

Table_1_Controlled Nucleation of Graphene Domains on Copper With an Oxide Layer by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition.DOCX

The lack of effective control of the defects and layers of graphene restricts its advanced technological applications. The synthesis of high-quality graphene requires a low nucleation density. Through the pre-oxidation of a copper foil and subsequent annealing to reduce the atmosphere at different times, the effect of the surface variation on the nucleation density of graphene domains are discussed, as well as the effects on the domain size. The obtained domain is a combination of a sub-millimeter-size single-crystal graphene layer and thick multilayer graphene branches. The formation mechanism of the special structure was explored, as the accumulation of carbon atoms at the surface impurities with the help of oxygen. These results provide directions for the synthesis of controllable high-quality graphene films.</p