Real herbicide wastewater treatment by combined means of electrocatalysis application and biological treatment

In this study, the real herbicide wastewater was degraded by electrocatalysis oxidation followed by subsequent biological treatment. The influence of several process variables of electrocatalysis oxidation, such as current density, pH and electrode gap on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ratio, was investigated and the optimum conditions were determined. The results indicated that COD removal ratio reached 87.0%, and the COD decreased from 7519 mg L−1 to 980 mg L−1 after 120 min electrolysis under the degradation parameters of the current density of 4 a dm−2, pH value of 4 and the plate spacing of 1.0 cm. The electrocatalysis degradation of real herbicide wastewater followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The BOD5/COD increased from 0.18 to 0.43 after 120 min electrolysis. Then, the biological contact oxidation process was performed on the effluent of the electrochemical process. The results showed that the final COD removal ratio reached 95.8% after biological contact oxidation on the following condition: hydraulic residence time was 12 h and the aeration quantity was 0.6 m3 h−1. Conclusively, it can be proved that electrocatalysis is feasible as a pre-treatment technology to treat real herbicide wastewater.</p

Additional file 2 of Codon usage patterns across seven Rosales species

Additional file 2: Table S2. The data information of 27 plant species used in this study

Additional file 1 of Codon usage patterns across seven Rosales species

Additional file 1: Table S1. The RSCU of codon among 7 Rosales species

Additional file 7 of ZjSEP3 modulates flowering time by regulating the LHY promoter

Additional file 7: Table S1. NCBI reference of the genes in this study

Additional file 1 of ZjSEP3 modulates flowering time by regulating the LHY promoter

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The growth conditions of WT and 35S::ZjSEP3 Arabidopsis plants at four-leaf stage. These values of two independent different transgenic lines were provided, and 30 plants were measured in each line

Additional file 8 of ZjSEP3 modulates flowering time by regulating the LHY promoter

Additional file 8: Table S2. Information on the primers listed in this study

Additional file 6 of ZjSEP3 modulates flowering time by regulating the LHY promoter

Additional file 6: Figure S6. The diurnal expression patterns of AtLHY in WT and 35S::ZjSEP3 Arabidopsis. White and black bars represent light and dark periods, respectively

Additional file 9 of ZjSEP3 modulates flowering time by regulating the LHY promoter

Additional file 9: Table S3. DNA fragments used in Y1H

Additional file 5 of ZjSEP3 modulates flowering time by regulating the LHY promoter

Additional file 5: Figure S5. ZjSEP3 interacts with LHYs of various species. (A) LHYs fused to the GAL4 AD were expressed in combination with ZjSEP3 fused to the GAL4 DNA-BD in yeast strain AH109. The negative controls included the following: (1) BD-fused SEP3 co-expressed with empty ADs and (2) AD-fused LHYs co-expressed with empty BDs. Yeast cells harboring AD and BD vectors were adjusted to an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.1. Aliquots (10 μL) of these cells were spotted on selective medium that lacked leucine/tryptophan (−LW), leucine/tryptophan/histidine (−LWH) and tryptophan/leucine/adenine/histidine (−LWAH). The plates were incubated for 3–4 days at 30 °C. Yeast cells expressing BD-fused ZjSEP and each of the AD-fused LHYs grew on selective media, while yeast cells expressing empty BD- and AD-fused LHYs did not grow. ZjMADS46, a C/D class protein of Chinese jujube, was used as positive control. (B) BiFC assay of the interaction between ZjSEP3 and AtLHY in agro-infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. CYFP: C-terminus of YFP; NYFP: N-terminus of YFP; ZjSEP3-NYFP: ZjSEP3 fused to the N- terminus of YFP; AtLHY-CYFP: AtLHY fused to the C-terminus of YFP; Yellow: Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fluorescence. The interaction of ZjSEP3-NYFP with CYFP and NYFP with AtLHY-CYFP, respectively, are shown as negative controls. No signals of interactions were observed from ZjSEP3-NYFP + CYFP and NYFP + AtLHY-CYFP. Yellow fluorescent BiFC signals were detected from ZjSEP3-NYFP + AtLHY-CYFP, suggesting that ZjSEP3 strongly interacted with AtLHY in the nucleus

Additional file 4 of ZjSEP3 modulates flowering time by regulating the LHY promoter

Additional file 4: Figure S4. The CArG-boxes within the LHY promoter in various plant species. Note: LHY promoters of jujube (ZjLHY, Ziziphus jujuba, XM_016033463.2), apple (MdLHY, Malus × domestica, XM_008345245.2), peach (PpLHY, Prunus persica, XM_007218867.2), and pear (PbLHY, Pyrus × bretschneideri, XM_018642751.1) as well as mulberry (MnLHY, Morus notabilis, XM_024172697.1) are shown in the figure. The binding sequences include the following: C1 (CTAATTAATG), C2 (CATGAAAAAG), C3 (CTTTTTTATG), C4 (CAAATAAAAG), C5 (CTTATTTTTG), C6 (CTTTTTTTTG), C7 (CAAA TTTATG), C8 (CCAGAAATGG), C9 (CTAAAAAAAG), C10 (CTAAATTTTG), C11 (CTTTTTTT AG), C12 (CTATATTAAG), C13 (CCAAAAATAG), C14 (CAATTTATTG), C15 (CTATTTAAAG) and C16 (CATTTTTTAG)