37 research outputs found
A Standardized Workflow Based on the STAVIRO Unbaited Underwater Video System for Monitoring Fish and Habitat Essential Biodiversity Variables in Coastal Areas
Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBV) related to benthic habitats and high trophic levels such as fish communities must be measured at fine scale but monitored and assessed at spatial scales that are relevant for policy and management actions. Local scales are important for assessing anthropogenic impacts, and conservation-related and fisheries management actions, while reporting on the conservation status of biodiversity to formulate national and international policies requires much broader scales. Measurements must account for the fact that coastal habitats and fish communities are heterogeneously distributed locally and at larger scales. Assessments based on in situ monitoring generally suffer from poor spatial replication and limited geographical coverage, which is challenging for area-wide assessments. Requirements for appropriate monitoring comprise cost-efficient and standardized observation protocols and data formats, spatially scalable and versatile data workflows, data that comply with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles, while minimizing the environmental impact of measurements. This paper describes a standardized workflow based on remote underwater video that aims to assess fishes (at species and community levels) and habitat-related EBVs in coastal areas. This panoramic unbaited video technique was developed in 2007 to survey both fishes and benthic habitats in a cost-efficient manner, and with minimal effect on biodiversity. It can be deployed in areas where low underwater visibility is not a permanent or major limitation. The technique was consolidated and standardized and has been successfully used in varied settings over the last 12 years. We operationalized the EBV workflow by documenting the field protocol, survey design, image post-processing, EBV production and data curation. Applications of the workflow are illustrated here based on some 4,500 observations (fishes and benthic habitats) in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and Mediterranean Sea. The STAVIROâs proven track-record of utility and cost-effectiveness indicates that it should be considered by other researchers for future applications.publishedVersio
A Linear Fragment of Unacylated Ghrelin (UAG6â13) Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice in a Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor-Independent Manner
Unacylated ghrelin (UAG), the most abundant form of ghrelin in circulation, has been shown to exert cardioprotective effect in experimental cardiopathies. The present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of a linear bioactive fragment of UAG against myocardial ischemia-induced injury and dysfunction in C57BL/6 wild type mice and the mechanisms involved. Treatments were administered at doses of 100 (UAG), 1,000 and 3,000 (UAG6â13) nmol/kg at 12 h interval during 14 days prior to 30 min left coronary artery ligation and reperfusion for a period of 6 or 48 h. The infarct area was decreased in a dose-dependent manner at 48 h of reperfusion, with a reduction of 54% at the highest dose of UAG6â13 tested. Myocardial hemodynamics were improved as demonstrated by an increase in cardiac output, maximum first derivative of left ventricular pressure, and preload recruitable stroke work, a load-independent contractility index. Six hours after reperfusion, circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced, and the effect was maintained at 48 h for TNF-α. 5âČ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated, while acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity was inhibited, along with a decrease in apoptotic protein levels. In isolated hearts, the effect of UAG6â13 was unaffected by the presence of D-Lys3-GHRP-6, a ghrelin receptor (GHSR1a) antagonist, suggesting that the peptide acted through a GHSR1a-independent pathway. The results support the therapeutic application of UAG bioactive peptide fragments against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.
RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 â„60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Evaluation de lâĂ©tat de santĂ© des habitats et peuplements de poissons de la zone de Voh-KonĂ©-Pouembout, Campagnes de stations vidĂ©o rotatives STAVIRO 2007-2013. Annexe cartographique
Maps of the indicators analyzed in video-based assessment of status and trends in fish assemblages and habitats, Voh-KonĂ©-PouemboutCartes des indicateurs analysĂ©s dans Evaluation par vidĂ©o de lâĂ©tat de santĂ© des habitats et peuplements de poissons de la zone de Voh-KonĂ©-Pouembout, Campagnes de stations vidĂ©o rotatives STAVIRO 2007-2013
Etat de santĂ© des habitats et peuplements de poissons des atolls dâEntrecasteaux, zone inscrite au Patrimoine Mondial de lâHumanitĂ© et Parc naturel de la mer de Corail. Evaluation initiale par stations vidĂ©o rotatives STAVIRO
The AMBIO project conducted a comprehensive video-based baseline assessment of coral reef fish communities and associated habitats in the New Caledonian lagoons. Observation relies on remote unbaited underwater video, using the STAVIRO rotating technique (Pelletier et al. 2012). This survey was conducted in 2015 in Entrecasteaux Reefs, both located within the Coral Sea Natural Park, and part of World Heritage site. 109 STAVIRO were validated in 9 days, covering the reefs and geomorphological units in the area. Images were analyzed to characterize the habitat surrounding each station, and fishes based on a list of 565 species (Pelletier et al. 2016). 28 indicators were computed and represented on maps (Sextant server). Indicators were analyzed using the PAMPA computing tool. Outcomes were organized in dashboards per management objective (biodiversity conservation and fisheries management). 190 fish species (and one snake species), belonging to 32 families were observed. Surgeonfish and wrasses were observed on more than 95% of stations. Parrotfish, snappers, butterflyfish and groupers were observed on more than 77% of stations. Coral health status is good with high living coral covers on outer slopes and lagoon patches, while branch coral was found in internal slopes. Butterflyfish diversity is high, but not their abundance. Fish communities are exceptionally diversified in all habitats. Abundance is good, but medium in the Living Coral habitat. Groupers are frequent and abundant. Fish community status appears the best among all surveyed sites, except for parrotfish and butterlfyfish. Sharks are very frequent, as well as jacks. Giant wrasse is regularly observed. Resources are rather abundant (commercial, fished and spearfished species), but on sandy bottoms. Jacks and spangled emperor are frequent. Favorite targets of surgeonfish and coral trout are equally or less frequent than on other sites.Cette Ă©tude conduite dans le cadre du projet AMBIO concerne les communautĂ©s de poissons et habitats associĂ©s aux rĂ©cifs coralliens des lagons de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie. Elle sâappuie sur des donnĂ©es collectĂ©es par STAVIRO, une technique de vidĂ©o rotative. Cette campagne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2015 dans les atolls dâEntrecasteaux, bien inscrit au patrimoine mondial et situĂ© dans le pĂ©rimĂštre du Parc naturel de la mer de Corail. Le plan d'Ă©chantillonnage couvre les diffĂ©rents sites de la zone et les structures rĂ©cifales prĂ©sentes. 109 stations STAVIRO ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es. Lâanalyse des images a permis de caractĂ©riser lâhabitat entourant chaque station, ainsi que les communautĂ©s de poissons sur la base dâune liste de 565 espĂšces (Pelletier et al. 2016). 28 indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s et reprĂ©sentĂ©s sous forme de cartes en annexe et disponibles sur Sextant. Ils ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s grĂące Ă lâoutil de calcul PAMPA. Les rĂ©sultats sont sous forme de tableau de bord par objectif de gestion relatif Ă la conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et la gestion des ressources de la pĂȘche. 190 espĂšces de poissons et une espĂšce de serpent appartenant Ă 32 familles ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es. Poissons chirurgiens et labres sont observĂ©s sur plus de 95% des stations. Poissons-perroquets, lutjans, poissons-papillons et loches sont observĂ©s sur plus de 77% des stations. Lâhabitat Corail vivant est dominant avec un recouvrement en corail vivant trĂšs Ă©levĂ© sur la pente externe, bon sur les patates isolĂ©es, et un recouvrement Ă©levĂ© en corail branchu sur les pentes internes abritĂ©es. La diversitĂ© des poissons-papillons est trĂšs Ă©levĂ©e, leur abondance est moyenne. La diversitĂ© du peuplement est exceptionnelle sur tous les types gĂ©omorphologiques et habitats. Son abondance est bonne sur tous les habitats, sauf lâhabitat Corail vivant (moyenne). Les loches sont frĂ©quentes et abondantes. A lâexception de lâabondance des perroquets et poissons-papillons, lâĂ©tat de lâichtyofaune est le meilleur de tous les sites visitĂ©s. Les requins sont trĂšs frĂ©quents et des poissons-napolĂ©ons sont rĂ©guliĂšrement observĂ©s. Etat des ressources assez bon pour les espĂšces commerciales, consommables et pour les cibles de la chasse, sauf sur lâhabitat Fond lagonaire (mĂ©diocre). Cibles de la ligne en gĂ©nĂ©ral plus abondantes que sur les autres sites. Carangues et bec de cane frĂ©quents. Dawa, saumonĂ©e petits points et picot kanak autant ou moins frĂ©quents que sur les autres sites
Etat de santĂ© des habitats et peuplements de poissons de la Corne Sud, zone inscrite au Patrimoine Mondial de lâHumanitĂ© - Evaluation initiale par stations vidĂ©o rotatives STAVIRO
The AMBIO project conducted a comprehensive video-based baseline assessment of coral reef fish communities and associated habitats in the New Caledonian lagoons. The survey relies on remote unbaited underwater video observations, using the STAVIRO rotating technique.
The present study deals with the Corne Sud area, in the south of New-Caledonia, and located within the âGrand Lagon Sudâ World Heritage Property. The survey design covers the entire area. 155 stations were validated within 9 days. They were analyzed to characterize the habitat surrounding each station, and fish communities, based on a list of 429 fish species (cf. AMBIO/A/1).
27 indicators were computed and mapped (maps available on a Sextant server). Indicators were analyzed using the PAMPA computing tool. Outcomes were organized in a dashboard for each management objective (biodiversity conservation and fisheries management).
170 fish species (and one turtle species), belonging to 23 families were observed. Surgeonfish and parrotfish were observed on 95% of the stations. Wrasses, butterflyfish, goatfish and groupers were observed on 50% to 80% of the stations.
Live coral habitat was dominant (almost 60% of stations). Coral cover status was very good on the external slope, good on fringing reefs. Branch coral cover was high in sheltered locations, islet fringing reefs and coral patches. Butterflyfish diversity was very high (26 species).
Fish communities are among the most diversified in New Caledonia, particularly on barrier reef and lagoon coral patches. Fish abundance is heterogenous, high on the barrier reef and coral patches, and medium on islet fringing reefs.
Turtles, sharks, rays and giant wrasse are regularly observed on their favorite habitats.
Ressource status is good for fished species and species targeted by spearfishing and line. In particular, blue spine unicorn, coral trout and âpicot kanakâ (Acanthurus blochii, dussumieri and nigricauda) are both more frequent and more abundant than in the other sites studied.
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 Le projet AMBIO a conduit des Ă©valuations des peuplements de poissons et habitats associĂ©s aux rĂ©cifs coralliens sur lâensemble des lagons de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie, en sâappuyant sur la technique de vidĂ©o rotative STAVIRO.
Cette campagne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2013 dans la Corne Sud, situĂ©e dans le Grand Lagon Sud, bien inscrit au Patrimoine Mondial. Le plan d'Ă©chantillonnage couvre la totalitĂ© de cette vaste zone. En 9 jours sur zone, 155 stations STAVIRO ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es. Leur analyse a permis de caractĂ©riser lâhabitat environnant chaque station, ainsi que les peuplements de poissons sur la base dâune liste de 527 espĂšces (cf. AMBIO/A/1).
27 indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s et reprĂ©sentĂ©s sous forme de cartes disponibles sur un serveur Sextant. Ces indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s grĂące Ă lâoutil de calcul PAMPA. Les rĂ©sultats sont synthĂ©tisĂ©s sous forme de tableau de bord par objectif de gestion relatif Ă la conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et la gestion des ressources de la pĂȘche.
170 espÚces de poissons (et 1 espÚce de tortue) appartenant à 23 familles ont été observées. Poissons chirurgiens et poissons perroquets sont observés sur plus de 95% des stations. Labres, poissons-papillons, loches et rougets-barbets sont observés sur 50 à 80% des stations.
Lâhabitat corallien est largement dominant avec presque 60% des stations et un recouvrement en corail vivant trĂšs bon sur la pente externe, presque bon sur les frangeants dâĂźlot et un recouvrement Ă©levĂ© en corail branchu dans les zones lagonaires abritĂ©es, frangeantes et patates isolĂ©es. La diversitĂ© des poissons-papillons est trĂšs Ă©levĂ©e (26 espĂšces observĂ©es).
Le peuplement est un des plus diversifiĂ©s autour de la Grande Terre surtout sur le rĂ©cif barriĂšre et les patates lagonaires isolĂ©es. Son abondance est moyenne et hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne, Ă©levĂ©e sur la barriĂšre et les patates isolĂ©es, moyenne sur les frangeants dâĂźlot.
Tortues, requins, raies et poissons-napoléons sont réguliÚrement observés sur leurs habitats préférés.
LâĂ©tat des ressources est satisfaisant pour les espĂšces commerciales, consommables et pour les cibles de la chasse, et celles de la ligne. En particulier, le dawa, la saumonĂ©e petits points et le picot kanak sont plus frĂ©quents et plus abondants que sur les autres sites.
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Etat de santé des habitats et peuplements de poissons de la Réserve Merlet, zone inscrite au Patrimoine Mondial - Evaluation initiale par stations vidéo rotatives STAVIRO
Conducted within the AMBIO project, this work deals with coral reef fish communities and associated habitats, in the New Caledonian lagoons. It relies on remote unbaited underwater video observations, using the STAVIRO rotating technique.
The field work was realized in 2013 in and around the Merlet Marine Reserve, in the south of New-Caledonia, and located within the âGrand Lagon Sudâ world heritage area. The sampling design covers the entire area, and was stratified according to reef type (outer slope, reef flat, reef shallow terrace, lagoon, and fringing reef). 162 stations were validated within 6 days. They were analyzed to characterize the habitat surrounding each station, and fish communities, based on a list of 429 fish species (cf. AMBIO/A/1).
28 indicators were computed and mapped (maps available on a Sextant server). Indicators were analyzed using the PAMPA computing tool. Outcomes were organized in a dashboard for each management objective (biodiversity conservation and fisheries management).
165 fish species (and one turtle species), belonging to 20 families were observed. Two families were observed on more than 80% of stations: surgeonfish and parrotfish. Four other families were observed on 50% to 80% of stations: butterflyfish, wrasses, groupers and goatfish.
Living coral habitat display a good ecological status, in particular on external slopes (on average over 35% on this habitat). A large diversity (26 species) and abundance of butterflyfish was observed. 2 shark species, 1 turtle species and 3 ray species were encountered, as well as giant wrasse.
Fish communities display a good ecological status, in particular on external slopes in the Living Coral habitat, consistently with an ancient and strong protection. Emblematic species were regularly observed. Most fisheries-related metrics indicate relatively abundant resources, with higher occurrences abundances, and a greater proportion of large individuals. These results indicate lower anthropogenic pressures, especially fishing pressure,than at other coastal sites.
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 Cette Ă©tude conduite dans le cadre du projet AMBIO concerne les communautĂ©s de poissons et habitats associĂ©s aux rĂ©cifs coralliens des lagons de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie. Elle sâappuie sur des donnĂ©es collectĂ©es par STAVIRO, une technique de vidĂ©o rotative.
Cette campagne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2013 dans et autour de la rĂ©serve Yves Merlet, situĂ©e dans le Grand Lagon Sud, bien inscrit au patrimoine mondial. Le plan d'Ă©chantillonnage couvre toute la zone avec une stratification en fonction des structures rĂ©cifales (pente externe, fond lagonaire, rĂ©cif frangeant, platier, plateau rĂ©cifal). En 6 jours sur zone, 162 stations STAVIRO ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es. Leur analyse a permis de caractĂ©riser lâhabitat environnant chaque station, ainsi que les communautĂ©s de poissons sur la base dâune liste de 429 espĂšces (cf. AMBIO/A/1).
28 indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s et reprĂ©sentĂ©s sous forme de carte disponible sur un serveur Sextant. Ces indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s grĂące Ă lâoutil de calcul PAMPA. Les rĂ©sultats sont synthĂ©tisĂ©s sous forme de tableau de bord par objectif de gestion relatif Ă la conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et la gestion des ressources de la pĂȘche.
165 espÚces de poissons (et 1 espÚce de tortue) appartenant à 20 familles ont été observées. Deux familles sont vues sur plus de 80% de stations : poissons chirurgiens et poissons perroquets. Quatre autres familles sont vues sur 50 à 80% des stations : poissons-papillons, labres, loches et rougets-barbets.
LâĂ©tat de santĂ© du corail est bon, avec des recouvrements en corail vivant Ă©levĂ©s (plus de 35% en moyenne sur lâhabitat Corail vivant). Les poissons-papillons sont diversifiĂ©s (26 espĂšces) et abondants sur la zone. 2 espĂšces de requins, 1 espĂšce de tortue et trois espĂšces de raies sont observĂ©es, ainsi que le poisson napolĂ©on.
LâĂ©tat de lâichtyofaune est satisfaisant, notamment sur la pente externe, et cohĂ©rent avec le statut de protection intĂ©grale ancien. Les espĂšces emblĂ©matiques sont rĂ©guliĂšrement observĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent des pressions anthropiques, et notamment une pression de pĂȘche, clairement plus faibles que sur dâautres sites cĂŽtiers, avec des espĂšces-cibles plus frĂ©quentes, plus abondantes et plus de grands individus.
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Fiche synthÚse campagne d'échantillonnage vidéo : Corne sud
This survey was conducted in september 2013 within the AMBIO project in new Caledonia. The survey aims at assessing fish communities and associated habitats in the South Lagoon, part of the World Heritage.161 underwater unbaited rotating video observations, using the STAVIRO (158 stations) and the MICADO (3 stations) technique were validated, enabling to cover the entire zone (1290 km2).Cette campagne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en septembre 2013 dans le cadre du projet AMBIO en Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie. Lâobjectif est dâĂ©valuer lâĂ©tat de santĂ© des communautĂ©s de poissons et habitats associĂ©s de la zone du Grand Lagon Sud, une zone inscrite au Patrimoine Mondial de lâHumanitĂ©. A cet effet, 158 stations STAVIRO (STAtion VIdĂ©o ROtatives) et 3 stations MICADO ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es et ont permis de couvrir lâensemble de cette vaste zone de 1290 km2
Etat de santĂ© des habitats et peuplements de poissons des Ăźles et rĂ©cifs de lâAstrolabe, PĂ©trie et Walpole, Parc Naturel de la Mer de Corail. Evaluation initiale par stations vidĂ©o rotatives STAVIRO
- The AMBIO project conducted a comprehensive video-based baseline assessment of coral reef fish communities and associated habitats in the New Caledonian lagoons. The survey relies on remote unbaited underwater video observations, using the STAVIRO rotating technique.
- The study pertains to the reefs of Astrolabe, PĂ©trie and Walpole Island, located within the Coral Sea Natural Park. The survey conducted in 2014 covers the entire area, and the sampling design was stratified according to reef type. 95 stations were validated. They were analyzed to characterize the habitat surrounding each station, and fish communities, based on a list of 565 fish species (cf. AMBIO/A/1).
- 28 indicators were computed and mapped (maps available on a Sextant server). Indicators were analyzed using the PAMPA computing tool. Outcomes were organized in a dashboard for each management objective (biodiversity conservation and fisheries management).
- 171 fish species (and one turtle species), belonging to 33 families were observed. Two families were observed on more than 95% of stations: surgeonfish and wrasses. Eight other families were observed on 50% to 95% of stations: parrotfish, groupers, triggerfish, snappers, butterflyfish, goatfish, emperors and angelfish.
- Coral health status is good with high living coral covers (62% on average), mostly in Astrolabe, but branch coral was scarce. Sharks and giant wrasse were frequently observed, as well as jacks.
- Fish communities are diversified and very abundant, particularly in the Living Coral habitat; and generally more abundant than on the rest of the sites, particularly at Astrolabe. All trophic groups were abundant on the area, except for planktivorous species. Piscivorous species were very abundant.
- Most fisheries-related metrics indicate highly abundant resources, particularly at Astrolabe.
- The health status of coral habitat and associated fish communities appears exceptional at Astrolabe, and generally good at PĂ©trie and Walpole.
 - Le projet AMBIO a conduit des Ă©valuations des peuplements de poissons et habitats associĂ©s aux rĂ©cifs coralliens sur lâensemble des lagons de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie, en sâappuyant sur la technique de vidĂ©o rotative STAVIRO.
- Cette campagne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2014 sur les iles et rĂ©cifs Ă©loignĂ©s dâAstrolabe, PĂ©trie et Walpole, situĂ©s dans le pĂ©rimĂštre du Parc Naturel de la Mer de Corail. Le plan d'Ă©chantillonnage couvre toute la zone avec une stratification en fonction des structures rĂ©cifales prĂ©sentes. 95 stations STAVIRO ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es. Leur analyse a permis de caractĂ©riser lâhabitat environnant chaque station, ainsi que les communautĂ©s de poissons sur la base dâune liste de 565 espĂšces (cf. AMBIO/A/1).
- 28 indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s et reprĂ©sentĂ©s sous forme de carte disponible sur un serveur Sextant. Ces indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s grĂące Ă lâoutil de calcul PAMPA. Les rĂ©sultats sont synthĂ©tisĂ©s sous forme de tableau de bord par objectif de gestion relatif Ă la conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et la gestion des ressources de la pĂȘche.
- 171 espÚces de poissons (et 1 espÚce de tortue) appartenant à 33 familles ont été observées. Deux familles sont vues sur plus de 95% de stations : poissons-chirurgiens et labres. Huit autres familles sont vues sur 50 à 95% des stations : poissons-perroquets, loches, balistes, lutjans, poissons-papillons, rougets-barbets, bossus/becs et poissons-ange.
- LâĂ©tat de santĂ© du corail est bon, avec des recouvrements en corail vivant Ă©levĂ©s (62% en moyenne sur lâhabitat Corail vivant), surtout Ă Astrolabe, mais quasiment pas de corail branchu. Les requins et le poisson-napolĂ©on sont frĂ©quemment observĂ©s, ainsi que les carangues.
- Les peuplements de poissons sont diversifiĂ©s et trĂšs abondants, notamment sur lâhabitat Corail vivant. Ils sont trĂšs gĂ©nĂ©ralement plus abondants que sur le reste de la Grande Terre, particuliĂšrement pour les rĂ©cifs dâAstrolabe. Tous les groupes trophiques sont abondants sur la zone, Ă lâexception des espĂšces planctonophages, dont lâabondance est moyenne. Les espĂšces piscivores sont trĂšs abondantes.
- La plupart des mĂ©triques liĂ©es aux ressources de la pĂȘche montrent des ressources abondantes, particuliĂšrement sur les rĂ©cifs dâAstrolabe.
- LâĂ©tat de santĂ© de lâhabitat corallien et des peuplements associĂ©s apparaĂźt exceptionnel Ă Astrolabe, et gĂ©nĂ©ralement bon Ă PĂ©trie et Ă Walpole.
La vidĂ©o rotative autonome pour lâobservation des habitats et de la macrofaune cĂŽtiers. Guide mĂ©thodologique des systĂšmes STAVIRO et MICADO.
âą This guide depicts the STAVIRO and MICADO rotating video techniques. It is intended for potential users, whether, environmental managing bodies, academics and other scientists.
âą The STAVIRO is a remote underwater unbaited video system for monitoring and studying shallow biodiversity, mostly in coastal areas (between 0 and 50 m). It enables observing habitat and vagile macrofauna within a 5m (and often 10 m) distance around the system. Because it rotates, the STAVIRO enables a panoramic view without distorting image due to wide angle. Many stations can be achieved quickly (ca. 20-25 stations per day with two systems) without the need for divers, and field work does not require a scientific background. It allows to survey extended areas and to replicate observations; it is thus adapted to spatial monitoring of potentially vast areas. Since 2007, more than 3000 STAVIRO stations have been collected in New Caledonia, several hundreds in the Mediterranean, and more recently in the Indian Ocean.
âą The MICADO is an automatic system that can record the same images as the STAVIRO while remaining in place for several days. It is preferably posed by divers. Recording times are programmed; they depend on study objectives. MICADO is adapted to high frequency temporal monitoring, and it enables observing macrofauna activity and behavior. Since 2008, more than 1200 MICADO sequences have been recorded in New Caledonia, and ca. a hundred in the Mediterranean.
âą Image analysis is achieved after field work; it requires being trained to fish species identification. Analyses can easily be checked and validated by an expert.
âą Observations allow characterizing and quantifying fish communities (and other animals such as turtles) and habitat (biotic and abiotic cover) around the station.
âą Data are used to compute indicators that are statistically analysed, e.g. using the PAMPA computing tool, which is freely available, with a user guide.
âą Several utilities were developed to facilitate the implementation of the methodology (text files for data input on the field, species lists, Excel-based data input sheet, R scripts for formatting data, etc.)
âą Indicators can be mapped, e.g. using the Ifremer Sextant server (http://sextant.ifremer.fr). Data will soon be stored in an accessible and interoperable database (Quadrige, RECIFS Database).âą Ce guide prĂ©sente les techniques de vidĂ©o rotative STAVIRO et MICADO. Il sâadresse aux utilisateurs potentiels de ces systĂšmes, quâils soient gestionnaires, bureaux dâĂ©tude ou chercheurs. Lâobjectif est de rendre lâutilisateur aussi autonome que possible dans la mise en Ćuvre de la mĂ©thodologie.
âą Le STAVIRO est un systĂšme de vidĂ©o rotatif, panoramique, autonome, non appĂątĂ©, destinĂ© Ă rĂ©aliser des suivis et des Ă©tudes sur la biodiversitĂ© peu profonde (entre 0 et 50 mĂštres). Il permet dâobserver lâhabitat et la macrofaune vagile dans un rayon de 5 mĂštres et souvent dâune dizaine de mĂštres autour du systĂšme. Parce quâil est rotatif, le STAVIRO permet dâobtenir une vision panoramique sans dĂ©formation de lâimage par un grand angle. Le mode opĂ©ratoire sur le terrain permet de rĂ©aliser rapidement de nombreuses stations (environ 20-25 stations par jour avec deux systĂšmes), sans plongeur, et par des personnes ne possĂ©dant pas de formation scientifique. Cette technique permet de couvrir des zones Ă©tendues et dâobtenir des donnĂ©es rĂ©pliquĂ©es. Elle est adaptĂ©e au suivi spatial de zones potentiellement vastes. Depuis 2007, plus de 3000 stations STAVIRO ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es en Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie, et plusieurs centaines en MĂ©diterranĂ©e, et plus rĂ©cemment dans lâOcĂ©an Indien.
âą Le MICADO est un systĂšme automatisĂ©, pouvant capter les mĂȘmes images que le STAVIRO, en restant en place pendant plusieurs jours. Il est posĂ© en plongĂ©e de prĂ©fĂ©rence et les heures des sĂ©quences sont programmables. Depuis 2008, plus de 1200 sĂ©quences ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es en Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie et une centaine en MĂ©diterranĂ©e. Ce systĂšme est adaptĂ© au suivi temporel dâune station et permet dâobserver lâactivitĂ© et les comportements de la macrofaune.
âą Lâanalyse des images est rĂ©alisĂ©e indĂ©pendamment des campagnes, et nĂ©cessite une formation Ă lâidentification des espĂšces de poisson. Les analyses peuvent facilement ĂȘtre vĂ©rifiĂ©es et validĂ©es par des experts.
âą Les observations permettent de caractĂ©riser et quantifier les peuplements de poissons et lâhabitat (recouvrements abiotiques et biotiques) autour de la station.
âą Les donnĂ©es sont utilisĂ©es pour calculer des indicateurs qui peuvent ĂȘtre analysĂ©s statistiquement, par ex. avec lâoutil de calcul PAMPA, librement disponible ainsi que le guide qui lâaccompagne.
âą Plusieurs outils ont Ă©tĂ© mis au point et sont disponibles pour faciliter la mise en Ćuvre de la technique : fichiers-types (feuille de terrain, masque de saisie sous Excel, scripts de mise au format PAMPA sous R, listes dâespĂšces, etc.).
âą Les indicateurs sont reprĂ©sentĂ©s sur des cartes, accessibles par ex. sur le serveur Sextant de lâIfremer (http://sextant.ifremer.fr). La bancarisation des donnĂ©es sous Quadrige et plus particuliĂšrement sur la Base de donnĂ©es RECIFS est en cours