Determinants of kidney stones (KS) and calcium oxalate stones (COS) for all 197 subjects, respectively.

<p>OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence intervals.</p

Characteristics of the study population (n =197) per tertile of estradiol.

<p>^{a, b, c} Different superscripts indicate significant differences among groups, p<0.05.</p

Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for kidney stones (KS) and calcium oxalate stones (COS) according to tertiles of E2 levels.

<p>^a Reference OR (1.00) is the lowest tertile of E2 level for kidney stones (KS) and calcium oxalate stones (COS). ^b Adjusted factors=Age +AAM + TSM + BMI + WDC + WET +HTN + DM +RA +T</p

Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data.

<p>SD, standard deviation; COS, calcium oxalate stones; NCOS, non-calcium oxalate stones; AAM, age at menopause; TSM, time since menopause ; BMI, body mass index; WDC, water drink consumption; WET, working environment temperature; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; RA, rural area of life; T, testosterone; E2, estradiol. P-values were determined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, or the chi-square tests between all patients and controls subjects. Post-hoc analyses were performed for comparison of variables between the following cohorts: COS, NCOS, controls, COS versus NCOS, COS versus controls, and NCOS versus controls, with p-values<0.05 considered significant."* "indicate group is significantly from the control."#" indicate group is significantly from the COS.</p

Spearman’s correlation using estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) as dependent variables in all 197 subjects.

<p>Spearman’s correlation using estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) as dependent variables in all 197 subjects.</p

Clinical and Pathologic Features of 128 Patients with PCa.

<p>Clinical and Pathologic Features of 128 Patients with PCa.</p

Kaplan-Meier estimates of PSA progression-free survival probability for the 77 patients with clinically localized PCa treated with RP, who were grouped by the baseline serum EPCA level above or below the median value of 15.20 ng/ml.

<p>Kaplan-Meier estimates of PSA progression-free survival probability for the 77 patients with clinically localized PCa treated with RP, who were grouped by the baseline serum EPCA level above or below the median value of 15.20 ng/ml.</p

Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of pre-operative variables for the prediction of biochemical progression after RP for 77 patients with clinically localized PCa.

<p>*Initial PSA levels were categorized as ≥10 ng/ml versus <10 ng/ml.</p>†<p>Clinical stage was categorized as T1 versus T2.</p>‡<p>Gleason score was categorized as grade 2 to 6 versus grade 7 to 10.</p>§<p>p<0.05, statistically significant.</p

Baseline serum levels of EPCA in healthy controls and PCa patients and association of EPCA levels with clinicopathological variables in 128 prostatic carcinomas.

∥<p>Categorized by the median value.</p><p>*Mann-Whitney U test.</p>†<p>Kruskal-Wallis test.</p>‡<p>Including lymph node metastases and distant metastases to bone and liver.</p>§<p>p<0.05, statistically significant.</p

Kaplan-Meier estimates of AIP-free survival probability for the 51 patients with locally advanced and metastatic PCa treated with ADT, who were grouped by the baseline serum EPCA level above or below the median value of 15.20 ng/ml.

<p>Kaplan-Meier estimates of AIP-free survival probability for the 51 patients with locally advanced and metastatic PCa treated with ADT, who were grouped by the baseline serum EPCA level above or below the median value of 15.20 ng/ml.</p