simulation_slowx10.mp4

the results of processing simulated beam pattern through the network with GPU with slow 10

simulation.mp4

the processing results of simulated beam pattern through the network with GP

General Approach to <i>N</i>⁶,C5′-Difunctionalization of Adenosine

Among the C6-halo purine ribonucleosides, the readily accessible 6-chloro derivative has been known to undergo slow SNAr reactions with amines, particularly aryl amines. In this work, we show that in 0.1 M AcOH in EtOH, aryl amines react quite efficiently at the C6-position of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-(t-BuMe2Si)-protected 6-chloropurine riboside (6-ClP-riboside), with concomitant cleavage of the 5′-silyl group. These two-step processes proceeded in generally good yields, and notably, reactions in the absence of AcOH were much slower and/or lower yielding. Corresponding reactions of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-(t-BuMe2Si)-protected 6-ClP-riboside with alkyl amines proceeded well but without desilylation at the primary hydroxyl terminus. These differences are likely due to the acidities of the ammonium chlorides formed in these reactions, and the role of AcOH was not desilylation but possibly only purine activation. With 50% aqueous TFA in THF at 0 °C, cleavage of the 5′-silyl group from 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-(t-BuMe2Si)-protected N6-alkyl adenosine derivatives and from 6-ClP-riboside was readily achieved. Reactions of the 5′-deprotected 6-ClP-riboside with alkyl amines proceeded in high yields and under mild conditions. Because these complementary methodologies yielded N6-aryl and -alkyl adenosine derivatives containing a free 5′-hydroxyl group, a variety of product functionalizations were undertaken to yield N6,C5′-doubly modified nucleoside analogues

experiment.mp4

the processing results through the network with GPU for real beam pattern

Lack of Enantioselective Microbial Degradation of Chlordane in Long Island Sound Sediment

Numerous studies have examined the enantiomeric compositions of trans- and cis-chlordane in soils (agricultural, background, and house foundation soils) and in the atmosphere. In contrast, little is known about the enantiomeric compositions of chlordane in sediment. In this work, surficial sediments and sediment cores were collected at various sites in Long Island Sound (LIS) previously surveyed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program. Archived surficial sediments at selected sites were acquired from the NS&T Specimen Bank. The chlordanes were racemic or nearly racemic in most archived and recently collected sediments, indicating that the enantiomeric compositions of the sources of chlordane to LIS sediment did not change in the past two decades, and that house foundation soils are likely the major source of chlordanes to LIS. Invariant enantiomeric compositions temporally in surficial sediments and at different depths in sediment cores clearly indicate the lack of enantioselective biodegradation in LIS sediment, in striking contrast to the widely observed enantioselective biodegradation of chlordanes in soils

General Approach to <i>N</i>⁶,C5′-Difunctionalization of Adenosine

Among the C6-halo purine ribonucleosides, the readily accessible 6-chloro derivative has been known to undergo slow SNAr reactions with amines, particularly aryl amines. In this work, we show that in 0.1 M AcOH in EtOH, aryl amines react quite efficiently at the C6-position of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-(t-BuMe2Si)-protected 6-chloropurine riboside (6-ClP-riboside), with concomitant cleavage of the 5′-silyl group. These two-step processes proceeded in generally good yields, and notably, reactions in the absence of AcOH were much slower and/or lower yielding. Corresponding reactions of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-(t-BuMe2Si)-protected 6-ClP-riboside with alkyl amines proceeded well but without desilylation at the primary hydroxyl terminus. These differences are likely due to the acidities of the ammonium chlorides formed in these reactions, and the role of AcOH was not desilylation but possibly only purine activation. With 50% aqueous TFA in THF at 0 °C, cleavage of the 5′-silyl group from 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-(t-BuMe2Si)-protected N6-alkyl adenosine derivatives and from 6-ClP-riboside was readily achieved. Reactions of the 5′-deprotected 6-ClP-riboside with alkyl amines proceeded in high yields and under mild conditions. Because these complementary methodologies yielded N6-aryl and -alkyl adenosine derivatives containing a free 5′-hydroxyl group, a variety of product functionalizations were undertaken to yield N6,C5′-doubly modified nucleoside analogues

experiment_slowx3.mp4

the processing results through the network with GPU for real beam patterns, slowing 3

Learning to decompose the modes in few-mode fibers with deep convolutional neural network

We introduce deep learning technique to perform complete mode decomposition for few-mode optical fiber for the first time. Our goal is to learn a fast and accurate mapping from near-field beam profiles to the complete mode coefficients, including both modal amplitudes and phases. We train the convolutional neural network with simulated beam patterns, and evaluate the network on both of the simulated beam data and the real beam data. In simulated beam data testing, the correlation between the reconstructed and the ideal beam profiles can achieve 0.9993 and 0.995 for 3-mode case and 5-mode case respectively. While in the real 3-mode beam data testing, the average correlation is 0.9912 and the mode decomposition can be potentially performed at 33 Hz frequency on Graphic Processing Unit, indicating real-time processing ability. The quantitative evaluations demonstrate the superiority of our deep learning based approach

Simulated_6mode_slow_10x.mp4

This is the simulated results of M^2 estimation for the 6-mode case with slow 10x

Experiment_M^2_Comparison.mp4

This is the experimental results of M^2 estimatio