Spin-orbit coupling within tightly focused circularly polarized spatiotemporal vortex wavepacket

Spin-orbital coupling and interaction as intrinsic light fields characteristics have been extensively studied. Previous studies involve the spin angular momentum (SAM) carried by circular polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) associated with a spiral phase wavefront within the beam cross section, where both the SAM and OAM are in parallel with the propagation direction. In this work, we study a new type of spin-orbital coupling between the longitudinal SAM and the transverse OAM carried by a spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) wavepacket under tight focusing condition. Intricate spatiotemporal phase singularity structures are formed when a circularly polarized STOV wavepacket is tightly focused by a high numerical aperture objective lens. For the transversely polarized components, phase singularity orientation can be significantly tilted away from the transverse direction towards the optical axis due to the coupling between longitudinal SAM and transverse OAM. The connection between the amount of rotation and the temporal width of the wavepacket is revealed. More interestingly, spatiotemporal phase singularity structure with a continuous evolution from longitudinal to transverse orientation through the wavepacket is observed for the longitudinally polarized component. These exotic spin-orbit coupling phenomena are expected to render new effects and functions when they are exploited in light matter interactions

Additional file 2 of Characterization of fatty acid desaturases reveals stress-induced synthesis of C18 unsaturated fatty acids enriched in triacylglycerol in the oleaginous alga Chromochloris zofingiensis

Additional file 2: Table S1. Sequence features of FAD genes in C. zofingiensis. Table S2. Primers used for constructing CzFADs-containing yeast expression vectors. Table S3. Primers used for 5′ RACE experiments of CzFAD genes. Table S4. Primers used for constructing CzFADs-containing S. elongatus expression vectors. Table S5. Primers used for RT-qPCR of CzFAD genes. Table S6. Fatty acid composition of TFA in C. zofingiensis as affected by various stress conditions of ND, SD and SS. Table S7. Fatty acid composition of TAG in C. zofingiensis as affected by various stress conditions of ND, SD and SS

Additional file 1 of Characterization of fatty acid desaturases reveals stress-induced synthesis of C18 unsaturated fatty acids enriched in triacylglycerol in the oleaginous alga Chromochloris zofingiensis

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Comparison between the gene models of CzFADs predicted from Roth et al. [40] and ours confirmed by 5′-RACE and sequencing. Figure S2. Characterization of 5′ UTR sequence and cloning of full-length CDS of CzFAD genes. Figure S3. Conserved domains detected in CzFADs by NCBI Conserved Domains Search. Figure S4. Sequence logo and alignment of functional motifs of Δ12, ω6 and ω3 FADs (a), Δ7/Δ9 FADs (b), Δ3trans FADs (c), and front-end FADs (d). Figure S5. Predicated transmembrane domains for CzFADs by TMHMM. Figure S6. Cladogram of fatty acid desaturases of difference functions from various organisms. Figure S7. PCR characterization of the S. cerevisiae transformants (a) and S. elongatus transformants (b) harboring individual CzFAD genes. Figure S8. The mass spectra of unusual fatty acids (in the form of methyl ester) produced in transformed S. elongatus.. Figure S9. GC–MS chromatography of fatty acids from S. elongatus expressing the empty vector pSy6, CzFAD3A, or CzFAD3B. Newly synthesized fatty acid is designated in red. Figure S10. Relative abundance of species of membrane lipid classes in C. zofingiensis under favorable growth conditions. Figure S11. Fatty acid relative abundance of individual membrane lipid classes in C. zofingiensis under favorable growth conditions. Figure S12. Fatty acid relative abundance of sn-2 position of individual membrane lipid classes in C. zofingiensis under favorable growth conditions

Spin–Orbit Coupling within Tightly Focused Circularly Polarized Spatiotemporal Vortex Wavepacket

Spin–orbital coupling and interaction as intrinsic light field characteristics have been extensively studied. Previous studies involve the spin angular momentum (SAM) carried by circular polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) associated with a spiral phase wavefront within the beam cross section, where both the SAM and OAM are in parallel with the propagation direction. In this work, we numerically study a new type of spin–orbital coupling between the longitudinal SAM and the transverse OAM carried by a spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) wavepacket under tight focusing condition. Intricate spatiotemporal phase singularity structures are formed when a circularly polarized STOV wavepacket is tightly focused by a high numerical aperture objective lens. For the transversely polarized components, phase singularity orientation can be significantly tilted away from the transverse direction toward the optical axis due to the coupling between longitudinal SAM and transverse OAM. The connection between the amount of rotation and the pulse width of the wavepacket is revealed. More interestingly, spatiotemporal phase singularity structure with a continuous evolution from longitudinal to transverse orientation through the wavepacket is observed for the longitudinally polarized component. These exotic spin–orbit coupling phenomena are expected to render new effects and functions when they are exploited in light–matter interactions

Data_Sheet_1_A Novel Computed Tomography-Based Imaging Approach for Etiology Evaluation in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Non-obstructive Coronary Angiography.docx

Objective: This study sought to investigate the diagnostic value of dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI) combined with coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients without obstructive coronary angiography.Methods: Consecutive ACS patients with normal or non-obstructive coronary angiography findings who had cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) contraindications or inability to cooperate with CMR examinations were prospectively enrolled and referred for dynamic CT-MPI + CCTA + late iodine enhancement (LIE). ACS etiology was determined according to combined assessment of coronary vasculature by CCTA, quantified myocardial blood flow (MBF) and presence of LIE.Results: Twenty two patients were included in the final analysis. CCTA revealed two cases of side branch occlusion and one case of intramural hematoma which were overlooked by invasive angiography. High risk plaques were observed in 6 (27.3%) patients whereas myocardial ischemia was presented in 19 (86.4%) patients with varied extent and severity. LIE was positive in 13 (59.1%) patients and microvascular obstruction was presented in three cases with side branch occlusion or spontaneous intramural hematoma. The specific etiology was identified in 20 (90.9%) patients, of which the most common cause was cardiomyopathies (41%), followed by microvascular dysfunction (14%) and plaque disruption (14%).Conclusion: Dynamic CT-MPI + CCTA was able to reveal the potential etiologies in majority of patients with ACS and non-obstructive coronary angiography. It may be a useful alternative to CMR for accurate etiology evaluation.</p

Image_1_A Novel Computed Tomography-Based Imaging Approach for Etiology Evaluation in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Non-obstructive Coronary Angiography.TIFF

Objective: This study sought to investigate the diagnostic value of dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI) combined with coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients without obstructive coronary angiography.Methods: Consecutive ACS patients with normal or non-obstructive coronary angiography findings who had cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) contraindications or inability to cooperate with CMR examinations were prospectively enrolled and referred for dynamic CT-MPI + CCTA + late iodine enhancement (LIE). ACS etiology was determined according to combined assessment of coronary vasculature by CCTA, quantified myocardial blood flow (MBF) and presence of LIE.Results: Twenty two patients were included in the final analysis. CCTA revealed two cases of side branch occlusion and one case of intramural hematoma which were overlooked by invasive angiography. High risk plaques were observed in 6 (27.3%) patients whereas myocardial ischemia was presented in 19 (86.4%) patients with varied extent and severity. LIE was positive in 13 (59.1%) patients and microvascular obstruction was presented in three cases with side branch occlusion or spontaneous intramural hematoma. The specific etiology was identified in 20 (90.9%) patients, of which the most common cause was cardiomyopathies (41%), followed by microvascular dysfunction (14%) and plaque disruption (14%).Conclusion: Dynamic CT-MPI + CCTA was able to reveal the potential etiologies in majority of patients with ACS and non-obstructive coronary angiography. It may be a useful alternative to CMR for accurate etiology evaluation.</p

Lanthanide-Doped KGd₂F₇ Nanocrystals: Controlled Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Spectroscopic Identification of the Optimum Core/Shell Architecture for Highly Enhanced Upconverting Luminescence

Trivalent Lanthanide (Ln3+)-doped fluoride nanocrystals (NCs) in the category of ALn2F7 (A = Li, Na, and K) have recently emerged as an attractive alternative to the well-developed ALnF4-type fluorides owing to their unique crystallographic structures. In this paper, we reported for the first time the controlled synthesis of monodisperse Ln3+-doped monoclinic-phase KGd2F7 NCs via a facile thermal decomposition method. Characteristic downshifting and upconverting luminescence (UCL) of Ln3+ ion ranging from the visible to near-infrared spectral regions were readily tuned in the KGd2F7:Ln3+ NCs. Moreover, we have also fabricated a series of KGd2F7:Yb3+/Er3+ core/shell NCs with different architectures of inert KGd2F7 or active KGd2F7:Yb3+ shells, which thereby allowed us to carry out a comparative spectroscopic investigation of the optimum core/shell architecture for highly enhanced UCL of Ln3+. Specifically, the KGd2F7:Yb3+/Er3+ core/shell NCs with optimized thickness of inert KGd2F7 shell were found to outperform their counterparts with active KGd2F7:Yb3+ shell in terms of UCL intensity and lifetime. These results would unambiguously provide new fundamental insights into the rational design of complicated core/shell nanostructures with highly enhanced UCL of Ln3+, and would further push forward the development of novel luminescent nanomaterials based on Ln3+-doped KGd2F7 NCs for versatile applications

Video_1_Mirror Movements in Acquired Neurological Disorders: A Mini-Review.MP4

Mirror movements (MMs) are specifically defined as involuntary movements occurring on one side of homologous muscles when performing unilateral movements with the contralateral limb. MMs have been considered a kind of soft neurological signs, and the persistence or reappearance of MMs in adults is usually pathologic. In addition to some congenital syndrome, MMs have been also described in age-related neurological diseases including pyramidal system diseases (e.g., stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and extrapyramidal disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, essential tremor). With the advances in instrumentation and detection means, subtle or subclinical MMs have been deeply studied. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism is also being further elucidated. In this mini-review, we firstly discuss the MM examination means, and then review the literature regarding MMs in individuals with acquired neurological disorders, in order to further understand the pathogenesis of MMs.</p

Additional file 1 of Disparities in economic burden for children with leukemia insured by resident basic medical insurance: evidence from real-world data 2015–2019 in Guangdong, China

Additional file 1: Appendix 1. The comparison of reimbursement policies in and out of Guangdong Province from 2009 to 2020

Radiotherapy for postoperative vaginal recurrences of cervical squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of dosing and prognosis

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of vaginal recurrence in cervical cancer patients, and the role of salvage radiotherapy on these patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of salvage radiotherapy for vaginal recurrence of SCC in patients who previously underwent surgery and to explore prognostic factors associated with survival. Ninety-seven patients with histologically proven SCC who were treated for vaginal recurrence at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were identified. All patients had previously undergone surgery and received salvage radiotherapy. Factors predictive of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local control (LC) were investigated. The median follow-up time was 42.5 months. The estimated 5-year OS, PFS, and LC rates were 84%, 79%, and 91%. On multivariate analysis, inguinal lymph node metastasis was significantly associated with poor OS; a tumour size ≤4 cm was associated with longer PFS (p p p What is already known on this subject? Radiotherapy plays a critical role in treating recurrent cervical cancer, but the effectiveness of RT for vaginal recurrence in patients who previously underwent surgery remains limited. Few studies have focussed on the effect of RT dose on patient survival.What do the results of this study add? This study investigated the efficacy of RT in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma who experienced postoperative recurrence. Lymph node metastasis, tumour size and recurrence pattern were significantly associated with survival. Moreover, an EQD2 ≥ 72.6 Gy was independently predictive of longer LC.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? RT is an effective treatment for postoperative vaginal recurrence in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. For patients with extravaginal recurrence, a salvage dose of ≥72.6 Gy appears to be optimal. What is already known on this subject? Radiotherapy plays a critical role in treating recurrent cervical cancer, but the effectiveness of RT for vaginal recurrence in patients who previously underwent surgery remains limited. Few studies have focussed on the effect of RT dose on patient survival. What do the results of this study add? This study investigated the efficacy of RT in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma who experienced postoperative recurrence. Lymph node metastasis, tumour size and recurrence pattern were significantly associated with survival. Moreover, an EQD2 ≥ 72.6 Gy was independently predictive of longer LC. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? RT is an effective treatment for postoperative vaginal recurrence in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. For patients with extravaginal recurrence, a salvage dose of ≥72.6 Gy appears to be optimal.</p