Generation and Application of a Novel InsP₃R₁ Mono-Antibody from Mouse

<div><p>Inositol 1, 4, 5-Trisphosphate Receptor (InsP₃R) is an intracellular Ca²⁺ release channel, which widely participates in cellular processes. Three isoforms of InsP₃R were identified as InsP₃R₁, InsP₃R_2, and InsP₃R₃. They share 60–0% protein sequence homology and form a channel in a manner of homotetramer or heterotetramer. Several InsP₃R isoform-specific rabbit antibodies have been generated to distinguish their localization and functions. However, there is no report of such a valid antibody raised from other species. In his article, we prepare a mouse monoclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide with rat InsP₃R₁-specific carboxyl terminus sequence. This monoclonal antibody of InsP₃R₁ (R1-mAb) was purified and characterized as IgG2b, which can recognize InsP₃R₁ by Western-blot (WB) analysis and immunoprecipitate (IP) InsP₃R₁ from moue brain lysate tested. Applied in immunofluorescent (IF) and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays, this antibody and rabbit polyclonal antibody could give the consistent results in SH-SY5Y cells, human sperm, and mouse brain paraffin section. In summary, we generate a mouse InsP₃R₁-specific IgG 2b antibody identifying InsP₃R₁ in WB, IF, IHC, and IP analysis, which provides a possible choice for detection of InsP₃R₁, especially in application of co-localization analysis with other InsP₃R isoforms or other proteins. </p></div

Long-term potash application and wheat straw return reduced soil potassium fixation and affected crop yields in North China

In light of China’s mineral potassium (K) deficit, it is imperative to improve K fertilizer use efficiency and conserve soil K. This study explored the effects of 15 years (1993–2007) of continuous potash application and wheat straw return on the K fixation capacity of cultivated soils in North China. Soil was collected from a number of long-term test sites, with different rates of potash application and wheat straw return and under different cropping systems. The results showed that long-term continuous potash application and straw return significantly reduced soil K fixation capacity. In addition, soil K fixation increased with the K concentration of the treatment solution. Soil K fixation levels were higher under double cropping systems than for single cropping systems. Soil K fixation capacity showed a clear zonal distribution pattern across North China; the soil K fixation capacity gradually increased from west to east. When the K concentration of the treatment solution was 1000 mg L−1, the average K fixation of soils fertilized only with N and P at experimental sites from Northwest, North-central and Northeast China were 359, 443, and 469 mg kg−1, respectively. The pattern of soil K fixation capacity across the different regions of North China matched the pattern of the timing of significant yield responses to K applications in the different regions. This research suggests that there should be a requirement for straw return as well as K fertilization to optimise K supply to crops during production

The response of soluble protein to normal watering (Control) and salt water irrigation (Treated) in <i>Solanum melongena</i>, <i>Momordica charantia</i>, <i>Capsicum annuum</i>.

The single salt solution (NaCl, 150 mmol/L) was watered once a day (25 ml per pot) for a total of 10 days, seedling leaves were randomly sampled every 2 days to determine the soluble protein content. Error bars represent standard errors of soluble protein content with 4–5 replicates measurements. The same letter in each picture represents no significant difference (Duncan test, P < 0.05, n = 4–5).</p

Data_Sheet_1_Effects of microbial inoculant and additives on pile composting of cow manure.doc

Composting is an effective method of recycling organic solid waste, and it is the key process linking planting with recycling. To explore the reuse of agricultural organic solid waste as a resource in the Yellow River Delta, the effects of microbial inoculant and different additives (calcium superphosphate, biochar, tomato straw, rice husk, and sugar residue) on pile composting of cow dung were studied to obtain the best composting conditions. The results showed that microbial inoculant and additives all played positive roles in the process of aerobic composting, and the experimental groups outperformed the control groups without any additives. For discussion, the microbial inoculant promoted rapid pile body heating more than the recovery materials alone, and the effects on aerobic composting were related to the organic matter of substrates and biochar. After being composted, all the materials were satisfactorily decomposed. Degradation of additives into humic acid might serve as electron shuttles to promote thorough organic matter decomposition. These results provide a scientific basis data for industrial composting of organic solid waste processed by on-site stacking, and provide a reference for researcher and practitioners for studying the applications of microbial inoculant on aerobic composting.</p

Chloropupukeananin, the First Chlorinated Pupukeanane Derivative, and Its Precursors from <i>Pestalotiopsis fici</i>

Chloropupukeananin (1), the first pupukeanane chloride with highly functionalized tricyclo-[4.3.1.03,7]-decane skeleton and its possible biosynthetic precursors iso-A82775C (2) and pestheic acid (3), have been isolated from the plant endophyte Pestalotiopsis fici. The structure of 1 was determined by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Biogenetically, 1 could be derived from the Diels−Alder adduct of 2 and 3

The response of proline (Pro) to normal watering (Control) and salt water irrigation (Treated) in <i>Solanum melongena</i>, <i>Momordica charantia</i>, <i>Capsicum annuum</i>.

The single salt solution (NaCl, 150 mmol/L) was watered once a day (25 ml per pot) for a total of 10 days, seedling leaves were randomly sampled every 2 days to determine Pro. Error bars represent standard errors of Pro with 4–5 replicates measurements. The same letter in each picture represents no significant difference (Duncan test, P < 0.05, n = 4–5).</p

Salinization grade standard.

Salinization grade standard.</p

The response of malondialdehyde (MDA) to normal watering (Control) and salt water irrigation (Treated) in <i>Solanum melongena</i>, <i>Momordica charantia</i>, <i>Capsicum annuum</i>.

The single salt solution (NaCl, 150 mmol/L) was watered once a day (25 ml per pot) for a total of 10 days, seedling leaves were randomly sampled every 2 days to determine MDA. Error bars represent standard errors of MDA with 4–5 replicates measurements. The same letter in each picture represents no significant difference (Duncan test, P < 0.05, n = 4–5).</p

S2 Data -

(ZIP)</p

Measurement results of soil characteristics.

Measurement results of soil characteristics.</p