Table_1_Epidemiological Trends in Alopecia Areata at the Global, Regional, and National Levels.doc

BackgroundNo comprehensive studies have been published on the global burden of alopecia areata since 2010.ObjectiveWe aimed to measure the global, regional, and national incidence of alopecia areata and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI) value from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify temporal trends in the age-standardized rates of alopecia areata incidence and DALYs. The correlations between EAPCs in the age-standardized rates and SDI values were also analyzed.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the alopecia areata incidence number and the associated number of DALYs increased globally by 49.14%, and 49.51%, respectively. The global age-standardized incidence rate decreased (EAPC, −0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.13 to −0.12) and the age-standardized DALY rate showed a downward trend (EAPC, −0.12; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.11). The largest increases in the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized DALY rate were observed in Low SDI quintile and Western Sub-Saharan Africa regions. The regions with the greatest changes in the incidence of alopecia areata were Central Sub-Saharan Africa and Western Sub-Saharan Africa. The three countries with the largest increases in alopecia areata incidence from 1990 to 2019 were Kuwait (EAPC, 0.15), South Sudan (EAPC, 0.12), and Nigeria (EAPC, 0.11). The age-standardized incidence rate was higher in females than in males.ConclusionGlobally, both the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized DALY rate of alopecia areata showed decreasing trends. Future preventive strategies should focus on low-income countries, Central Sub-Saharan Africa, Western Sub-Saharan Africa, Kuwait, South Sudan, Nigeria.</p

DataSheet_1_Epidemiological Trends in Alopecia Areata at the Global, Regional, and National Levels.doc

BackgroundNo comprehensive studies have been published on the global burden of alopecia areata since 2010.ObjectiveWe aimed to measure the global, regional, and national incidence of alopecia areata and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI) value from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify temporal trends in the age-standardized rates of alopecia areata incidence and DALYs. The correlations between EAPCs in the age-standardized rates and SDI values were also analyzed.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the alopecia areata incidence number and the associated number of DALYs increased globally by 49.14%, and 49.51%, respectively. The global age-standardized incidence rate decreased (EAPC, −0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.13 to −0.12) and the age-standardized DALY rate showed a downward trend (EAPC, −0.12; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.11). The largest increases in the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized DALY rate were observed in Low SDI quintile and Western Sub-Saharan Africa regions. The regions with the greatest changes in the incidence of alopecia areata were Central Sub-Saharan Africa and Western Sub-Saharan Africa. The three countries with the largest increases in alopecia areata incidence from 1990 to 2019 were Kuwait (EAPC, 0.15), South Sudan (EAPC, 0.12), and Nigeria (EAPC, 0.11). The age-standardized incidence rate was higher in females than in males.ConclusionGlobally, both the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized DALY rate of alopecia areata showed decreasing trends. Future preventive strategies should focus on low-income countries, Central Sub-Saharan Africa, Western Sub-Saharan Africa, Kuwait, South Sudan, Nigeria.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Case report: Left bundle branch pacing guided by real-time monitoring of current of injury and electrocardiography.PDF

BackgroundLeft bundle branch (LBB) pacing (LBBP) has recently emerged as a physiological pacing mode. Current of injury (COI) can be used as the basis for electrode fixation position and detection of perforation. However, because the intermittent pacing method cannot monitor the changes in COI in real time, it cannot obtain information about the entire COI change process during implantation.Case summaryLeft bundle branch pacing was achieved for treatment of atrioventricular block in a 76-year-old female. Uninterrupted electrocardiogram and electrogram were recorded on an electrophysiology system. In contrast to the interrupted pacing method, this continuous pacing and recording technique enables real-time monitoring of the change in ventricular COI and the paced QRS complex as the lead advances into the interventricular septum. During the entire screw-in process, the COI amplitude increased and then decreased gradually after reaching the peak, followed by a small but significant, rather than dramatic, decrease.ConclusionThis case report aims to demonstrate the clinical significance of changes in COI and QRS morphology for LBBP using real-time electrocardiographic monitoring and filtered and unfiltered electrograms when the lead is deployed using a continuous pacing technique. The technique could be used to confirm LBB capture and avoid perforation.</p