Reference planes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

<p>(A) Coronal plane of TMJ on the cleft side; (B) Sagittal plane of TMJ on the cleft side; (C) Axial plane of TMJ on the cleft side; (D) Three-dimensional rendered image.</p

Descriptions of landmarks.

<p>Descriptions of landmarks.</p

Comparison of chin deviation between the UCLP and non-cleft groups.

<p>Shapiro-Wilk test of normality;</p><p>^<b>†</b>One sample t test;</p><p>^<b>‡</b>Mann-Whitney U test (when variables were not normally distributed);</p><p>* P<0.05.</p><p>Comparison of chin deviation between the UCLP and non-cleft groups.</p

Evaluation of shale gas reservoir reserves and production capacity based on Arps regression

At present, global energy conflicts are prominent and the world’s attention is focused on energy security. In order to evaluate the reserves and production capacity of the shale gas, which is a special fossil energy source, the study proposes a reserve and production capacity evaluation design for its reservoirs based on Arps decrement. The study intersects the material balance method and Arps reconciliation decrement method to achieve the evaluation of shale gas reservoir reserves. The shale gas reservoir production capacity was calculated using Integrated Geostatistical and Geomechanical Modeling (IGIG) based on Genliang Guo’s fractured horizontal wells, and Effective Fracture Radius (EFR) formula based on large capsule-shaped flow zones. Experimental data showed that the capacity evaluation method based on the binomial dynamic coefficient inverse calculation of formation pressure can calculate the current unobstructed flow rate and allotted production rate to provide data support for the extraction of shale gas reservoirs.</p

Mandibular measurements and chin deviation.

<p>(A) Ramal height; (B) Mandibular body length; (C) Total mandibular length; (D) Gonial angle; (E) Chin deviation.</p

Descriptions of measurements.

<p>P, posterior joint space; A, anterior joint space; AP, anteroposterior; ML, mediolateral.</p><p>Descriptions of measurements.</p

Head orientation and reference planes.

<p>(A) Coronal plane; (B) Midsagittal plane (MSP); (C) Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane; (D) Three-dimensional rendered image.</p

Dimensions and positions of condyles on an axial slice.

<p>D1 and D3, the mediolateral (ML) diameters of condyles; D2 and D4, the anteroposterior (AP) diameters of condyles; Ds, the sagittal difference between the geometric centers of condyles on two sides; C1 and C2, the distances between the center of condyles and the MSP; A1 and A2, the angles between the ML axis of condyles and the MSP.</p

Landmarks and measurements of condylar-fossa relationship on a sagittal slice.

<p>SF, the most superior aspect of the temporomandibular fossa; SC, the most superior aspect of the condyle; PC, the posterior tangent point of the condyle; AC, the anterior tangent point of the condyle; Line 1, tangent to SF and parallel to the FH plane; Line 2, tangent to SC and parallel to line 1; Line 3, starting from SF and tangent to the most anterior aspect of the condyle; Line 4, starting from SF and tangent to the most posterior aspect of the condyle; PS, posterior joint space; SS, superior joint space; AS, anterior joint space.</p

Table1_Case report: Sex-specific characteristics of epilepsy phenotypes associated with Xp22.31 deletion: a case report and review.docx

Deletion in the Xp22.31 region is increasingly suggested to be involved in the etiology of epilepsy. Little is known regarding the genomic and clinical delineations of X-linked epilepsy in the Chinese population or the sex-stratified difference in epilepsy characteristics associated with deletions in the Xp22.31 region. In this study, we reported two siblings with a 1.69 Mb maternally inherited microdeletion at Xp22.31 involving the genes VCX3A, HDHD1, STS, VCX, VCX2, and PNPLA4 presenting with easily controlled focal epilepsy and language delay with mild ichthyosis in a Chinese family with a traceable 4-generation history of skin ichthyosis. Both brain magnetic resonance imaging results were normal, while EEG revealed epileptic abnormalities. We further performed an exhaustive literature search, documenting 25 patients with epilepsy with gene defects in Xp22.31, and summarized the epilepsy heterogeneities between sexes. Males harboring the Xp22.31 deletion mainly manifested with child-onset, easily controlled focal epilepsy accompanied by X-linked ichthyosis; the deletions were mostly X-linked recessive, with copy number variants (CNVs) in the classic region of deletion (863.38 kb–2 Mb). In contrast, epilepsy in females tended to be earlier-onset, and relatively refractory, with pathogenic CNV sizes varying over a larger range (859 kb–56.36 Mb); the alterations were infrequently inherited and almost combined with additional CNVs. A candidate region encompassing STS, HDHD1, and MIR4767 was the likely pathogenic epilepsy-associated region. This study filled in the knowledge gap regarding the genomic and clinical delineations of X-linked recessive epilepsy in the Chinese population and extends the understanding of the sex-specific characteristics of Xp22.31 deletion in regard to epilepsy.</p