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Assessing the synergies of flexibly-operated carbon capture power plants with variable renewable energy in large-scale power systems
Integrin α6 targeted cancer imaging and therapy
Integrins represent ideal targets for molecular imaging and targeted therapy of cancer and their role in cancer has been reviewed extensively elsewhere. Except for αVβ3 and αVβ5, the remaining integrins were not systematically considered and tested as potential therapeutic targets. In recent years, the studies on integrin α6 as a cancer imaging and therapeutic target are increasing, due to their highly expressed in several cancers, and their expression has been associated with poor survival. Integrin α6 appears to be a particularly attractive target for cancer imaging and therapy, and therefore we have developed a wide array of integrin α6-target molecular probes for molecular imaging and targeted therapy of different cancers. Despite the studies on integrin α6 as a cancer imaging and therapeutic target increasing in recent years, most of them were derived from preclinical mouse models, revealing that much more can be done in the future. The development of integrin α6 drugs may now be at an important point, with opportunities to learn from previous research, to explore new approaches. In this review, we will briefly introduce integrin α6 and highlighted the recent advances in integrin α6 targeted imaging and therapeutics in cancer
Endocytic sorting and recycling require membrane phosphatidylserine asymmetry maintained by TAT-1/CHAT-1. PLoS Genet
Endocytic sorting is achieved through the formation of morphologically and functionally distinct sub-domains within early endosomes. Cargoes destined for recycling are sorted to and transported through newly-formed tubular membranes, but the processes that regulate membrane tubulation are poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel Caenorhabditis elegans Cdc50 family protein, CHAT-1, which acts as the chaperone of the TAT-1 P4-ATPase to regulate membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) asymmetry and endocytic transport. In chat-1 and tat-1 mutants, the endocytic sorting process is disrupted, leading to defects in both cargo recycling and degradation. TAT-1 and CHAT-1 colocalize to the tubular domain of the early endosome, the tubular endocytic recycling compartment (ERC), and the recycling endosome where PS is enriched on the cytosolic surface. Loss of tat-1 and chat-1 function disrupts membrane PS asymmetry and abrogates the tubular membrane structure. Our data suggest that CHAT-1 and TAT-1 maintain membrane phosphatidylserine asymmetry, thus promoting membrane tubulation and regulating endocytic sorting and recycling
Landsat-based spatiotemporal estimation of subtropical forest aboveground carbon storage using machine learning algorithms with hyperparameter tuning
IntroductionThe aboveground carbon storage (AGC) in forests serves as a crucial metric for evaluating both the composition of the forest ecosystem and the quality of the forest. It also plays a significant role in assessing the quality of regional ecosystems. However, current technical limitations introduce a degree of uncertainty in estimating forest AGC at a regional scale. Despite these challenges, remote sensing technology provides an accurate means of monitoring forest AGC. Furthermore, the implementation of machine learning algorithms can enhance the precision of AGC estimates. Lishui City, with its rich forest resources and an approximate forest coverage rate of 80%, serves as a representative example of the typical subtropical forest distribution in Zhejiang Province.MethodsTherefore, this study uses Landsat remote sensing images, employing backpropagation neural network (BPNN), random forest (RF), and categorical boosting (CatBoost) to model the forest AGC of Lishui City, selecting the best model to estimate and analyze its forest AGC spatiotemporal dynamics over the past 30 years (1989–2019).ResultsThe study shows that: (1) The texture information calculated based on 9×9 and 11×11 windows is an important variable in constructing the remote sensing estimation model of the forest AGC in Lishui City; (2) All three machine learning techniques are capable of estimating forest AGC in Lishui City with high precision. Notably, the CatBoost algorithm outperforms the others in terms of accuracy, achieving a model training accuracy and testing accuracy R2 of 0.95 and 0.83, and RMSE of 2.98 Mg C ha-1 and 4.93 Mg C ha-1, respectively. (3) Spatially, the central and southwestern regions of Lishui City exhibit high levels of forest AGC, whereas the eastern and northeastern regions display comparatively lower levels. Over time, there has been a consistent increase in the total forest AGC in Lishui City over the past three decades, escalating from 1.36×107 Mg C in 1989 to 6.16×107 Mg C in 2019.DiscussionThis study provided a set of effective hyperparameters and model of machine learning suitable for subtropical forests and a reference data for improving carbon sequestration capacity of subtropical forests in Lishui City
Protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and serious complication of sepsis with high mortality. Ferroptosis, categorized as programmed cell death, contributes to the development of lung injury. Protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 (PCTR1) is an endogenous lipid mediator that exerts protective effects against multiorgan injury. However, the role of PCTR1 in the ferroptosis of sepsis-related ALI remains unknown. Methods: A pulmonary epithelial cell line and a mouse model of ALI stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were established in vitro and in vivo. Ferroptosis biomarkers, including ferrous (Fe2+), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), were assessed by relevant assay kits. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) protein levels were determined by western blotting. Lipid peroxides were examined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cell viability was determined by a CCK-8 assay kit. The ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed with transmission electron microscopy. Morphology and inflammatory cytokine levels predicted the severity of lung injury. Afterward, related inhibitors were used to explore the potential mechanism by which PCTR1 regulates ferroptosis. Results: PCTR1 treatment protected mice from LPS-induced lung injury, which was consistent with the effect of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. PCTR1 treatment decreased Fe2+, PTGS2 and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, increased GSH and GPX4 levels and ameliorated mitochondrial ultrastructural injury. Administration of LPS or the ferroptosis agonist RSL3 resulted in reduced cell viability, which was rescued by PCTR1. Mechanistically, inhibition of the PCTR1 receptor lipoxin A4 (ALX), protein kinase A (PKA) and transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) partly decreased PCTR1 upregulated GPX4 expression and a CREB inhibitor blocked the effects ofPCTR1 on ferroptosis inhibition and lung protection. Conclusion: This study suggests that PCTR1 suppresses LPS-induced ferroptosis via the ALX/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, which may offer promising therapeutic prospects in sepsis-related ALI
A study of multinucleated giant cells in esophageal cancer
Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence, abundance, distribution, nature and clinical significance of multi-nucleated giant cell (MGC) in esophageal cancer. Materials and methods: MGCs were examined with conventional pathology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in 107 esophageal cancer tissues. The findings were correlated to pathological diagnosis and clinical behavior of the cancers. Results: MGCs were identified in 31.7% (34/107) of the cases. MGCs were positive for CD11c, CD11b, CD32, CD16, HLA-DR and MMP9, and negative for CD163, CD206 and CD64 giving a molecular profile of proinflammatory M1 but not immunosuppressive M2. MGCs were significantly related to decreased lymph node metastasis (p = 0.011), low pTNM stage (p = 0.044), favorable survival (p = 0.04), squamous cell cancer type rather than other histopathological subtypes (p = 0.020) and associated to better differentiation (p = 0.063). Conclusions: MGCs belong to M1 macrophage and perform phagocytosis and scavenging of cancer cells that would benefit patients' survival and could serve as a prognostic marker
Thermosensitive Nanocables Prepared by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Thermosensitive nanocables consisting of Au nanowire cores and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) sheaths (denoted as Au/PNIPAAm) were synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The formation of PNIPAAm sheath was verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results confirmed the core/shell structure of nanohybrids. The thickness and density of PNIPAAm sheaths can be adjusted by controlling the amount of cross-linker during the polymerization. Signature temperature response was observed from Au/cross-linked-PNIPAAm nanocables. Such smart nanocables show immense potentials as building blocks for novel thermosensitive nanodevices in future
Insight-HXMT dedicated 33-day observation of SGR J1935+2154 I. Burst Catalog
Magnetars are neutron stars with extreme magnetic field and sometimes
manifest as soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs). SGR J1935+2154 is one of the most
prolific bursters and the first confirmed source of fast radio burst (i.e. FRB
200428). Encouraged by the discovery of the first X-ray counterpart of FRB,
Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) implemented a dedicated
33-day long ToO observation of SGR J1935+2154 since April 28, 2020. With the
HE, ME, and LE telescopes, Insight-HXMT provides a thorough monitoring of burst
activity evolution of SGR J1935+2154, in a very broad energy range (1-250 keV)
with high temporal resolution and high sensitivity, resulting in a unique
valuable data set for detailed studies of SGR J1935+2154. In this work, we
conduct a comprehensive analysis of this observation including detailed burst
search, identification and temporal analyses. After carefully removing false
triggers, we find a total of 75 bursts from SGR J1935+2154, out of which 70 are
single-pulsed. The maximum burst rate is about 56 bursts/day. Both the burst
duration and the waiting time between two successive bursts follow log-normal
distributions, consistent with previous studies. We also find that bursts with
longer duration (some are multi-pulsed) tend to occur during the period with
relatively high burst rate. There is no correlation between the waiting time
and the fluence or duration of either the former or latter burst. It also seems
that there is no correlation between burst duration and hardness ratio, in
contrast to some previous reports. In addition, we do not find any X-ray burst
associated with any reported radio bursts except for FRB 200428.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
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