A reconstructed three generation French family from the CEPH dataset by the LLE where a rectangle represents a male and a circle represents a female, assuming <i>k</i> = 7.

<p>The numbers next to each edge are the weights that reconstruct each of the data points from its neighbors in the LLE. The red real lines denote connections between the grandfathers and their children or between fathers and their children. The blue real lines denote connections between the grandmother and their children or between the mothers and their children. The green lines denote the connections between the grandchildren.</p

The estimates of the parameters in nonlinear state-space model of ERK pathway.

<p>The estimates of the parameters in nonlinear state-space model of ERK pathway.</p

Additional file 4: Figure S1. of Functional regression method for whole genome eQTL epistasis analysis with sequencing data

A. The real RNA-seq curve of the gene LMNB2 and the data simulated by the negative distribution of the gene LMNB2. B. The real RNA-seq curve of the gene LMNB2 and the curve estimated by the FPCA of the RNA-seq data. (ZIP 120 kb

The predicted dynamic behavior of unphosphorylated STAT5 (<i>x</i>₁), tyrosine phosphorylated STAT5 monomers (<i>x</i>₂) and dimers (<i>x</i>₃) in the cytoplasm, and STAT5 molecules in the nucleus (<i>x</i>₄) in the JAK-STAT pathway.

<p>The predicted dynamic behavior of unphosphorylated STAT5 (<i>x</i>₁), tyrosine phosphorylated STAT5 monomers (<i>x</i>₂) and dimers (<i>x</i>₃) in the cytoplasm, and STAT5 molecules in the nucleus (<i>x</i>₄) in the JAK-STAT pathway.</p

Estimated Parameters in the Nonlinear State-Space Model for the JAK-STAT Pathway.

<p>Estimated Parameters in the Nonlinear State-Space Model for the JAK-STAT Pathway.</p

Scheme of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Pathway.

<p>Scheme of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Pathway.</p

The reconstructed graph of Mexican Americans in the Los Angeles, California (MEX) population data of HapMap phase III released in May 2010 with 86 individuals from 33 families.

<p>A Father is represented with a large size square, a mother is represented with a large size circle and a child is represented with a small size circle. The number insight the squares and circles denotes the index of the family. The strong connections between individuals are represented by real lines and the weak connections between individuals is represented by dotted lines.</p

Scheme of the JAK-STAT pathway.

<p>Scheme of the JAK-STAT pathway.</p

Three eigenvectors in the eigenspace of zero eigenvalue for the nonlinear dimensional mapping of all 14,397,437 SNPs of 179 individuals from three populations mapped by the LLE define axes of populations: YRI, CEU and ASI.

<p>Three intervals along the y-axis ranging from −0.15 to 0.15 were used to represent the values of the components in the eigenvectors (low dimensional representations) and the x-axis represents the individual index. The red color represents the YRI samples, green color represents the CEU samples and blue color represents the ASI samples.</p

Genotype frequency pattern of the SNPs within the structure significantly informative genome region located on chromosome 3 between 164,500 kb and 164,750 kb which was identified by the LASSO method, but non-significant by the LLE and PCA method for CEU samples.

<p>The red color represents the homozygous genotype with the main allele, green color represents the heterozygous genotype and blue color represents the homozygous genotype with the minor allele.</p