Data for groups of 20 fish

Time of individual and collective U-turns in groups of 20 fish

Data_Sheet_1_Internet search data showed increased interest in supplementary online education during the COVID-19 pandemic, with females showing a greater increase.pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to tremendous disruptions in people’s everyday activities, including the pursuit of education. Internet search data may provide insights into potential audiences’ interest in online education. Using Internet search data, we examined the impact of COVID-19 on people’s interest in supplementary online education in the US over nine months (10/14/2019–07/19/2020). We found there was increased interest in supplementary online education after WHO announced COVID-19 as a pandemic, with a greater increase among females than males. We found that the increased interest in online education persisted after the stay-at-home orders were lifted; in addition, we identified concerns over unemployment as a key variable that significantly explained the variance in the interest in online education, even after controlling for COVID cases and deaths. Policymakers and online education platforms may take advantage of people’s, especially women’s increased interest in online education when designing policies or marketing mix.</p

li_online_appendix – Supplemental material for Age and Social Support Seeking: Understanding the Role of Perceived Social Costs to Others

<p>Supplemental material, li_online_appendix for Age and Social Support Seeking: Understanding the Role of Perceived Social Costs to Others by Li Jiang, Aimee Drolet, and Heejung S. Kim in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</p

MOESM1 of An efficient unified model for genome-wide association studies and genomic selection

Additional file 1. R code of StepLMM. The data contains the R function of StepLMM, an example data and users’ guide

Additional file 1: of Corticosteroid use and intensive care unit-acquired weakness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PubMed search strategy. (DOCX 15 kb

Additional file 2: of Corticosteroid use and intensive care unit-acquired weakness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Summary of findings for the main comparison. (DOCX 14 kb

Effect of AuNP Size on Detection of PML/RARA Fusion Gene Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor was used for the detection of the PML/RARA fusion gene, and the sandwich structure as the amplification strategy was constructed with functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Three different sizes of AuNPs were selected to investigate the role that size plays in genotypic SPR sensing. To enhance sensor sensitivity and ensure signal reliability, the effects of experimental conditions were examined, such as buffer, flow rate, and probe density, on the sensor performance. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that buffers with lower dielectric constants exhibit superior sensitivity. While larger AuNPs initially improve the sensor performance, this advantage diminishes as the analyte concentration decreases. Furthermore, varying probe densities influence AuNP enhancement capabilities, with a larger probe spacing effectively regulating the hybridization efficiency. Finally, after considering the nonspecific binding of DNA-AuNPs, the spacer layer of the probe was increased to reduce the background signal. By increasing the spacer layer from polyT5 to polyT16, the limit of detection was reduced significantly from 9.03 pM to 5.53 fM, and the coefficient of variation for repeatability improved from 14.89 to 3.40%. Otherwise, the sensor performed exceptionally well in terms of specificity, resistance to fouling, and recovery from complex matrices. The above results establish a surface chemical treatment method for AuNP-enhanced SPR biosensors

Table_1_A cross-sectional study on the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between sociodemographic variables and nutrition literacy among older adults in rural areas of North Sichuan.pdf

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of self-efficacy among rural elderly individuals in northern Sichuan Province in the relationship between certain sociodemographic variables and nutritional literacy.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to select 264 elderly individuals aged 60 and above from rural communities in Cangxi County, Guangyuan City, Yilong County, Nanchong City, and Bazhou District, Bazhong City, Sichuan Province. A self-designed questionnaire, including sociodemographic variables, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for the Elderly (NLQ-E), was administered through face-to-face interviews using a paper-based version. The relationships between sociodemographic variables, self-efficacy, and nutritional literacy in the elderly were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and the Process plugin to examine the relationships between variables and to test for moderation effects.Results(1) There were significant differences in nutrition literacy scores among elderly people of different ages, genders, marital statuses, educational levels, personal monthly living expenses, dental conditions, and number of chronic diseases (p ConclusionGeneral population demographic data has a significant impact on the nutritional literacy level of elderly people in rural areas of northern Sichuan. Self-efficacy plays a moderating role in the relationship between age and nutritional literacy, as well as the relationship between the number of chronic diseases and nutritional literacy.</p

Analysis of Hand and Wrist Postural Synergies in Tolerance Grasping of Various Objects

<div><p>Human can successfully grasp various objects in different acceptable relative positions between human hand and objects. This grasp functionality can be described as the grasp tolerance of human hand, which is a significant functionality of human grasp. To understand the motor control of human hand completely, an analysis of hand and wrist postural synergies in tolerance grasping of various objects is needed. Ten healthy right-handed subjects were asked to perform the tolerance grasping with right hand using 6 objects of different shapes, sizes and relative positions between human hand and objects. Subjects were wearing CyberGlove attaching motion tracker on right hand, allowing a measurement of the hand and wrist postures. Correlation analysis of joints and inter-joint/inter-finger modules were carried on to explore the coordination between joints or modules. As the correlation between hand and wrist module is not obvious in tolerance grasping, individual analysis of wrist synergies would be more practical. In this case, postural synergies of hand and wrist were then presented separately through principal component analysis (PCA), expressed through the principal component (PC) information transmitted ratio, PC elements distribution and reconstructed angle error of joints. Results on correlation comparison of different module movements can be well explained by the influence factors of the joint movement correlation. Moreover, correlation analysis of joints and modules showed the wrist module had the lowest correlation among all inter-finger and inter-joint modules. Hand and wrist postures were both sufficient to be described by a few principal components. In terms of the PC elements distribution of hand postures, compared with previous investigations, there was a greater proportion of movement in the thumb joints especially the interphalangeal (IP) and opposition rotation (ROT) joint. The research could serve to a complete understanding of hand grasp, and the design, control of the anthropomorphic hand and wrist.</p></div

First two PCs of wrist postures to each subject and all ten subjects.

<p>The abbreviations represent the name of each subject.</p