Supplementary Fig.S1

Supplementary Figure S1 A. The levels of PD-L1 mRNA measured by qRT-PCR after DSF/Cu2+treatment. B, C, and D. Western blot analysis of the expression of PARP1 and PD-L1 in Hep3B and Hep 1-6 cells after DSF/Cu2+treatment for 24 h (0, 2.5, 5, or 10 μM DSF in Hep1-6 cells and 0, 5, 10, of 15 μM DSF in Hep3B cells; 1 µM Cu2+). E. STAT3 and p-STAT3 expression after treatment with DSF/Cu2+. STAT3 and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) protein expression in Hep3B cells was evaluated by Western blotting after treatment with DSF/Cu2+(0, 5, or 10 μM DSF and 1 µM Cu2+).</p

Investigation of the Flow-Field in the Upper Respiratory System when wearing N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator

<div><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>This paper presents a reverse modeling of the headform when wearing a filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation based on the modeling. The whole model containing the upper respiratory airway, headform and FFR was directly recorded by computed tomography (CT) scanning, and a medical contrast medium was used to make the FFR “visible.” The FFR was normally worn by the subject during CT scanning so that the actual deformation of both the FFR and the face muscles during contact can be objectively conserved. The reverse modeling approach was introduced to rebuild the geometric model and convert it into a CFD solvable model. In this model, we conducted a transient numerical simulation of air flow containing carbon dioxide, thermal dynamics, and pressure and wall shear stress distribution in the respiratory system taking into consideration an individual wearing a FFR. The breathing cycle was described as a time-dependent profile of the air velocity through the respiratory airway. The result shows that wearing the N95 FFR results in CO₂ accumulation, an increase in temperature and pressure elevation inside the FFR cavity. The volume fraction of CO₂ reaches 1.2% after 7 breathing cycles and then is maintained at 3.04% on average. The wearers re-inhale excessive CO₂ in every breathing cycle from the FFR cavity. The air temperature in the FFR cavity increases rapidly at first and then stays close to the exhaled temperature. Compared to not wearing an FFR, wearers have to increase approximately 90 Pa more pressure to keep the same breathing flow rate of 30.54 L/min after wearing an FFR. The nasal vestibule bears more wall shear stress than any other area in the airway.</p></div

Ruxolitinib for treatment of steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Authors assessed the impact of ruxolitinib (RUX) on steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease (SR-GVHD) patients. Methods: Studies published before January 2019 were identified by electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.Gov and Web of Science databases. Results: Sixteen cohort studies (414 adults) were included whose methodological quality ranged from poor to good. Pooled outcomes such as the response rates, steroid dose reduction, 1-year overall survival, overall infection, and grade 3 to 4 cytopenia were calculated separately for adults with steroid-refractory acute GVHD (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Further, the overall response rates were analyzed according to the affected organ. Adults with aGVHD as well as cGVHD showed high response with RUX, and steroid dose reduction was observed in both cases. Infection rates and cytopenia were important safety concerns for both aGVHD and cGVHD. Conclusion: Notwithstanding the need of randomized controlled trials to confirm the effect of RUX on SR-GVHD, response rates among adults with aGVHD and cGVHD seem to be high with the use of RUX as a salvage treatment, particularly in cases with gastrointestinal and cutaneous involvement. However, high rates of myelosuppression and infection remain a cause for concern regardless of aGVHD or cGVHD.</p

Efficient Synthesis and Photodynamic Activity of Porphyrin-Saccharide Conjugates: Targeting and Incapacitating Cancer Cells^†

Since the role of saccharides in cell recognition, metabolism, and cell labeling is well-established, the conjugation of saccharides to drugs is an active area of research. Thus, one goal in the use of saccharide-drug conjugates is to impart a greater specificity toward a given cell type or other targets. Although widely used to treat some cancers and age related macular degeneration, the drugs used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) display poor chemical selectivity toward the intended targets, and uptake by cells most likely arises from passive, diffusional processes. Instead, the specific irradiation of the target tissues, and the formation of the toxic species in situ, are the primary factors that modulate the selectivity in the present mode of PDT. We report herein a two-step method to make nonhydrolyzable saccharide−porphyrin conjugates in high yields using a tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin and the thio derivative of the sugar. As a demonstration of their properties, the selective uptake (and/or binding) of these compounds to several cancer cell types was examined, followed by an investigation of their photodynamic properties. As expected, different malignant cell types take up one type of saccharide−porphyrin conjugate preferentially over others; for example, human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) absorb a tetraglucose−porphyrin conjugate over the corresponding galactose derivative. Doseametric studies reveal that these saccharide−porphyrin conjugates exhibit varying PDT responses depending on drug concentration and irradiation energy. (1) Using 20 μM conjugate and greater irradiation energy induces cell death by necrosis. (2) When 10−20 μM conjugate and less irradiation energy are used, both necrosis and apoptosis are observed. (3) Using 10 μM and the least irradiation energy, a significant reduction in cell migration is observed, which indicates a reduction in aggressiveness of the cancer cells

Diastereoselective Synthesis of <i>trans</i>-2,3-Dihydrofurans with Pyridinium Ylide Assisted Tandem Reaction

An efficient synthetic procedure for the preparation of fused 2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives was developed with the assistance of pyridinium ylide. A sequential one-pot, two-step tandem reaction starting from pyridine, aromatic aldehyde, dimedone, or 4-hydroxycoumarin and α-phenacyl bromide or p-nitrobenzyl bromide with triethylamine as catalyst proceeded smoothly in acetonitrile. 1H NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal analysis demonstrated that the obtained 2,3-dihydrofurans are trans isomers

Diastereoselective Synthesis of <i>trans</i>-2,3-Dihydrofurans with Pyridinium Ylide Assisted Tandem Reaction

An efficient synthetic procedure for the preparation of fused 2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives was developed with the assistance of pyridinium ylide. A sequential one-pot, two-step tandem reaction starting from pyridine, aromatic aldehyde, dimedone, or 4-hydroxycoumarin and α-phenacyl bromide or p-nitrobenzyl bromide with triethylamine as catalyst proceeded smoothly in acetonitrile. 1H NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal analysis demonstrated that the obtained 2,3-dihydrofurans are trans isomers

sj-jpg-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221088558 - Supplemental material for Tocilizumab therapy for persistent high-grade fever in systemic lupus erythematosus: two cases and a literature review

Supplemental material, sj-jpg-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221088558 for Tocilizumab therapy for persistent high-grade fever in systemic lupus erythematosus: two cases and a literature review by Ma Chaoyi, Bikash Shrestha, Li Hui, Ding Qiujin and Fu Ping in Journal of International Medical Research</p

sj-jpg-2-imr-10.1177_03000605221088558 - Supplemental material for Tocilizumab therapy for persistent high-grade fever in systemic lupus erythematosus: two cases and a literature review

Supplemental material, sj-jpg-2-imr-10.1177_03000605221088558 for Tocilizumab therapy for persistent high-grade fever in systemic lupus erythematosus: two cases and a literature review by Ma Chaoyi, Bikash Shrestha, Li Hui, Ding Qiujin and Fu Ping in Journal of International Medical Research</p

How the Orientation of Graphene Is Determined during Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth

We present a theoretical study on the determination of graphene orientation on the catalyst surface in chemical vapor deposition growth. Our study reveals that the interaction between the graphene wall and catalyst surface is weak and not sensitive to the orientation of graphene. The graphene edge–catalyst interaction is strong and sensitively depends on the graphene orientation. Therefore, the graphene edge–catalyst interaction is responsible for the orientation determination of a small graphene island in the early stage of graphene growth, and such an orientation can be inherited by the matured graphene due to the high barrier of graphene island rotation. On the basis of the mechanism of graphene orientation determination, various controversial-like experimental puzzles have been well-explained, and a potential of synthesizing large-area single-crystalline graphene on either single-crystalline or polycrystalline catalyst surfaces is revealed

A Neuropeptide Y Variant (rs16139) Associated with Major Depressive Disorder in Replicate Samples from Chinese Han Population

<div><p>Objective</p><p>This study aimed to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in Chinese Han population.</p> <p>Design</p><p>Prospective and randomized studies were carried out.</p> <p>Patients</p><p>A total of 700 patients (324 male and 376 female; mean age = 40±14.9 years) with depression who met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and 673 healthy controls (313 male and 360 female; mean age = 41.9±17.2 years) were used to investigate the relationship between SNPs of NPY and the pathogenesis of MDD. A total of 417 patients (195 male and 202 female; mean age = 36±14.2 years) diagnosed with MDD and 314 healthy controls (153 male and 161 female; mean age = 37.9±14.2 years) from Chinese Han population were used to verify the relationship between SNPs of NPY and the pathogenesis of MDD.</p> <p>Intervention and outcome</p><p>Ligase detection reactions were performed to detect the SNP sites of NPY. A series of statistical methods was carried out to investigate the correlation between the NPY gene SNP and MDD.</p> <p>Results</p><p>Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the SNP sites rs16139 in NPY and the morbidity of depression. Patients with MDD have a lower frequency of A-allele in rs16139 in replicate samples from Chinese Han population. However, the frequency varied between male and female patients.</p> <p>Conclusion</p><p>The gene polymorphism loci rs16139 was closely related to MDD in Chinese Han population.</p> </div