Optimization of 2D CT Data Sets for Three-Dimensional

Computer-generated anatomic modeling using radiologic data is a well-known entity. Currently, state of the art 3D modeling systems lack the variable thresholding, user interactive, capabilities of 3D imaging software.1 We investigated clinical parameters - cr scan plane, 2D filter algorithm, surrounding medium - and tested a simple mathematical thresholding algorithm based upon experimentation with a cr phantom, to evaluate a semiautomated approach to 3D craniofacial imaging and model generation. (Figure 1)Mechanical Engineerin

Judicial Incentives and Indeterminacy in Substantive Review of Administrative Decisions

Uppsatsen tydliggör och beskriver innehållet i elva lokala överenskommelser (LÖK) mellan civilsamhället och offentlig sektor. Studien visar också hur relationen mellan parterna avspeglas i texterna. Uppsatsen visar också på hur olika idéer och synsätt i överenskommelserna kan få praktiska konsekvenser för civilsamhället

Judicial Incentives and Indeterminacy in Substantive Review of Administrative Decisions

In the Chevron and State Farm cases the Supreme Court announced what appeared to be controlling standards for substantive review of administrative decisions. Instead, the Chevron framework has broken down, and State Farm has been all but ignored by agencies and the courts, including the Supreme Court. This article accounts for this breakdown by analyzing the impact of judicial incentives on substantive review in administrative law

A Genetic Locus Regulates the Expression of Tissue-Specific mRNAs from Multiple Transcription Units

129 GIX- mice, unlike animals of the congeneic partner strain GIX+, do not express significant amounts of the retroviral antigens gp70 and p30. Evidence is presented indicating that the GIX phenotype is specified by a distinct regulatory gene acting on multiple transcription units to control the levels of accumulation of specific mRNA species. The steady-state levels of retroviral-homologous mRNA from the tissues of GIX+ and GIX- mice were examined by blot hybridization using as probes DNA fragments from cloned murine leukemia viruses. RNA potentially encoding viral antigens was reduced or absent in GIX- mice, even though no differences in integrated viral genomes were detected between these congeneic strains by DNA blotting. Tissue-specific patterns of accumulation of these RNA species were detected in brain, epididymis, liver, spleen, and thymus, and several distinct RNA species were found to be coordinately regulated with the GIX phenotype. Measurements of RNA synthesis suggest a major role for transcriptional control in the regulation of some retroviral messages

Reuters Institute digital news report 2016

The Reuters Institute’s Digital News Report is the world’s largest comparative international survey of news consumption habits. This year\u27s report reveals new insights about digital news consumption based on a YouGov survey of over 50,000 online news consumers in 26 countries including the US and UK. The report suggests that publishers across the world are facing unprecedented levels of disruption to business models and formats from a combination of the rise of social platforms, the move to mobile and growing consumer rejection of online advertising. It tracks media trends across 26 countries as the international journalism community moves towards an increasingly digital and multi-platform future. The report explores news consumption in: the US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland, Greece, Turkey, South Korea, Japan, Australia, Canada and Brazil. As well as country-by country analysis, the report also contains a series of essays from experts including Mark Thompson, CEO, New York Times, Ed Williams, CEO, Edelman UK&Ireland, Alison Preston, Head of Digital Literacy, Ofcom and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Director of Research, Reuters Institute

Virtual volatility

We introduce the concept of virtual volatility. This simple but new measure shows how to quantify the uncertainty in the forecast of the drift component of a random walk. The virtual volatility also is a useful tool in understanding the stochastic process for a given portfolio. In particular, and as an example, we were able to identify mean reversion effect in our portfolio. Finally, we briefly discuss the potential practical effect of the virtual volatility on an investor asset allocation strategy.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, elsart.cls, Accepted to Physica A. Added few comments that clarify data used for empirical wor

Quantum Clock Synchronization Based on Shared Prior Entanglement

We demonstrate that two spatially separated parties (Alice and Bob) can utilize shared prior quantum entanglement, and classical communications, to establish a synchronized pair of atomic clocks. In contrast to classical synchronization schemes, the accuracy of our protocol is independent of Alice or Bob's knowledge of their relative locations or of the properties of the intervening medium.Comment: 4 page

A review of consumer awareness, understanding and use of food-based dietary guidelines

Copyright @ 2011 Cambridge University PressFood-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) have primarily been designed for the consumer to encourage healthy, habitual food choices, decrease chronic disease risk and improve public health. However, minimal research has been conducted to evaluate whether FBDG are utilised by the public. The present review used a framework of three concepts, awareness, understanding and use, to summarise consumer evidence related to national FBDG and food guides. Searches of nine electronic databases, reference lists and Internet grey literature elicited 939 articles. Predetermined exclusion criteria selected twenty-eight studies for review. These consisted of qualitative, quantitative and mixed study designs, non-clinical participants, related to official FBDG for the general public, and involved measures of consumer awareness, understanding or use of FBDG. The three concepts of awareness, understanding and use were often discussed interchangeably. Nevertheless, a greater amount of evidence for consumer awareness and understanding was reported than consumer use of FBDG. The twenty-eight studies varied in terms of aim, design and method. Study quality also varied with raw qualitative data, and quantitative method details were often omitted. Thus, the reliability and validity of these review findings may be limited. Further research is required to evaluate the efficacy of FBDG as a public health promotion tool. If the purpose of FBDG is to evoke consumer behaviour change, then the framework of consumer awareness, understanding and use of FBDG may be useful to categorise consumer behaviour studies and complement the dietary survey and health outcome data in the process of FBDG evaluation and revision.This study is funded by the European Commission Sixth Framework Programme (contract no. 036196)

Black carbon as an additional indicator of the adverse health effects of airborne particles compared with PM10 and PM2.5.

Current air quality standards for particulate matter (PM) use the PM mass concentration [PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm (PM(10)) or ≤ 2.5 μm (PM(2.5))] as a metric. It has been suggested that particles from combustion sources are more relevant to human health than are particles from other sources, but the impact of policies directed at reducing PM from combustion processes is usually relatively small when effects are estimated for a reduction in the total mass concentration