Tinjauan Ulang (Riview) Mekanisme Toleransi Dan Metode Seleksi Tumbuhan Yang Tahan Terhadap Cekam an Kekering an [Mechanism of Tolerance and Methods to Select Drought Resistance Plants]

Water is the main parameter to determine whether the yield potential of a plant is obtained or not. Water deficit on the tissue causes the disruption of all chemical process in the plant metabolism resulted in the plant growth impediment.In order to acquire the drought tolerance variety, various efforts have been conducted. Among others, in addition to the selection and characterization of the available germ plasma along with its cross-breeding, the development of the drought tolerance plant is conducted through somaclonal varitype induction. In the cultivation of the drought tolerance plant, beside physiological mechanism and biochemistry related to the plant tolerant to drought, the procedure of the selective and optimal selection should be managed.Hence,the mastery of the optimum selection techniques, in a relatively short time, the new drought tolerance lines could be obtained

Combination of Somaclonal Variation and Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement

Mutation-basedplant improvement, which changes one or a few specifictraits of a cultivar, can contribute to crop improvement.Tissue culture increases the efficiency of mutagenictreatment to induce variations. In vitro culture incombination with induced mutation can speed up thebreeding program by generating variability, followed byselection and multiplication of the desired genotypes. Inmany vegetative propagated crops, mutation induction incombination with in vitro culture techniques can be themost effective method for plant improvement. In seedpropagated species, the application of mutation coupledwith doubled haploid systems seems to be highly promisingin crop improvement. This approach speeds up the breedingprogram through generation of variability followed byselection of homozygousity and rapid multiplication ofdesired genotypes

Peranan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Dalam Perbanyakan Tanaman Melalui Kultur Jaringan

The Role of Growth Regulator in Tissue Culture PlantPropagation. Endang G. Lestari. In plant tissue culture,growth regulator has significant roles such as to control rootand shoot development in the plant formation and callusinduction. Cytokinin and auxin are two prominent growthregulator. Cytokinin consists of BA (benzil adenin), kinetin(furfuril amino purin), 2-Ip (dimethyl allyl amino purin), andzeatin. While auksin covers IAA (indone acetic acid), NAA(napthalene acetic acid), IBA (indole butiric acid) 2.4-D (2.4-dicholophenoxy acetic acid), dicamba (3,6 dicloro-O-anisicacid), and picloram (4-amino 3,5,6-tricloropicolinic acid).The emphasis of plant growth purposes decide the use ofgrowth regulator. Cytokinin is applied mainly for the purposeof shoot, while auxin is mainly used for the purpose of rootand callus. The application of growth regulator application isvaried, depending on the genotype and physiologicalcondition of the plant. The existence of a certain growthregulating substances can enhance growth regulator activityof other substances. The type and concentration of theappropriate growth regulators for each plant is not the samebecause it depends on the genotype and physiologicalcondition of plant tissue. However so often both arefrequently required depend on the ratio/ratio of auxincytokines or vice versa. The existence of a certain growthregulating substances can enhance growth regulator activityof other substances. The type and concentration of theappropriate growth regulators for each plant is not the samebecause it depends on the genotype and physiologicalcondition of plant tissue. For the propagation, multiple andadventive shoots along with embriosomatic formation couldbe applied. The seedling is obtained from one somatic cell.Here, strong auxin, such as dicamba and picloram 2.4-D, isutilized for callus production. For this reason, seedling Perunit could be produced more than that of organogenesis

Induksi Kalus dan Regenerasi Tunas Padi Varietas Fatmawati

Efficiency of shoot regeneration from rice callus explant is an important factor, particularly for the purpose of plant genetic improvement such as somaclonal variation, transformation and in vitro selection. In the attempt of gaining shoot regeneration, callus induction and shoot regeneration experiments were conducted in the Biological Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development. Mature seed was used as an explant. The media formulation for calli induction was MS + 2.4-D (1, 3, 5 and 7 mg/l ) + prolin (0 and 100 mg/l ) and hydrolyzed casein 3000 mg/l. The media for shoot regeneration was (1) MS + BA (1.2 and 3 mg/l ) + IAA 0.8 mg/l + prolin 100 mg/l, and (2) MS + BA 2 mg/l + IAA 0.8 mg/l + zeatin (0.1; 0.2 and 0.3 mg/l). The result showed that the embryogenic calli could be produced from MS + 2.4-D 3 mg/l + hydrolyzed casein 3000 mg/l treatment and the best media for shoot induction was MS + BA 2 mg/l + IAA 0.8 mg/l + zeatin 0.2 mg/l. The obtained plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse

Regenerasi Tunas Dari Kalus Yang Telah Diberi Perlakuan Iradiasi Pada Padi Varietas Fatmawati [Shoot Regeneration of the Fatmawati Rice Variant Radiated Callie]

Gamma ray mutative induction for increasing genetic variation has been applied for plant prime variety engineering. The materials are derrived from seed organ, shoot and calli. Calli is a group of actively dividing cell and have not been organized to form plant. The benefit of using calli explant is that the gamma ray could directly shot to DNA in the nuclear cell in such a way that there is higher opportunity for genetic change to occur. The problema of using calli explant are the difficulties in regenerating the calli into shoots, due to the deformation as a result of radiation process. Therefore, this research is aimed at obtaining the appropriate media formulation for shoot regeneration from Fatmawati-rice calli which has been irradiated with gamma ray. The reseach was conducted in BB-Biogen laboratory consisting of three experiments, such as : (1) calli iradiation with the dosage of 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 35; 40; 45; 50; 55 and 60 Gy, (2) shoot regeneration at the MS + BA (0, 1, dan 3 mg/l) + IAA (0 dan 0,8 mg/l) media, and BA (0, 1, and 3 mg/l) + zeatin ( 0; 0,1; 0,2 and 0,3 mg/l) + IAA 0,8 mg/l and (3) Shoot induction at MS + IBA (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/l) media. The result shows that the range of LD50 was obtained at the dosage of 30 Gy, the most apropriate media for shoot regeneration is MS + BA 3 mg/l + IAA 0,8 + zeatin 0,1 mg/l and media for root induction is IBA 1 mg/l