Lifetime population health impact, costs, and cost-effectiveness of the tax and subsidy interventions.

<p>Lifetime population health impact, costs, and cost-effectiveness of the tax and subsidy interventions.</p

The food tax and subsidy interventions.

<p>The food tax and subsidy interventions.</p

Cumulative PVLI gained from the junk food tax across major cause of death categories (2003 to 2030).

Boxes represent the interval between the 25th and 75th percentiles, vertical lines represent the interval between the minimum and maximum observations.</p

Logic pathways for modelling the effect of a junk food tax on economic productivity due to premature deaths averted.

Logic pathways for modelling the effect of a junk food tax on economic productivity due to premature deaths averted.</p

Cost-effectiveness of combining the tax and subsidy interventions.

<p>Each cost-effectiveness ratio reflects the cost-effectiveness of adding the intervention to the package. AUD, Australian dollars; DALY, disability-adjusted life year; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage.</p

Change in the mean health impact and costs of the combined package of all tax and subsidy options under a range of scenarios.

<p>Change in the mean health impact and costs of the combined package of all tax and subsidy options under a range of scenarios.</p

Comparison of cost-effectiveness with New Zealand and UK elasticity sets.

<p>Cost-effectiveness with New Zealand (blue) and UK (orange) elasticity sets for (A) saturated fat tax, (B) salt tax, (C) sugar-sweetened beverage tax, (D) sugar tax, (E) fruit and vegetable subsidy, and (F) package of all taxes/subsidies. AUD, Australian dollars; DALY, disability-adjusted life year; NZ, New Zealand.</p

Change in dietary intake and diet cost with the individual tax and subsidy interventions.

<p>Change in dietary intake and diet cost with the individual tax and subsidy interventions.</p

Cumulative working years and PVLI gained due to the imposition of a junk food tax: 2003–2030.

Cumulative working years and PVLI gained due to the imposition of a junk food tax: 2003–2030.</p

Bootstrapped incremental cost-effectiveness ratio plots for the junk food tax relative to status quo.

Dark points represent pairs of incremental costs saved and DALYs averted due the junk food tax based on a health system perspective. Light points represent these points after production gains have been included.</p