165 research outputs found

    Palmatine Attenuated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting M1 Phenotype Macrophage Polarization via NAMPT/TLR2/CCR1 Signaling

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    The present work was conducted to research the potential mechanism of palmatine (PAL) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-caused acute lung injury (ALI). Network pharmacology and bioinformatic analyses were carried out. Mice were intragastrically treated with PAL and intratracheally stimulated with LPS. LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were employed for the in vitro model. The MPO activity, W/D ratio, neutrophils, total cell number in BALF, and histopathological alteration were examined. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, IL-4, and IL-10 in serum, BALF, and supernatant were examined by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of iNOS, CD68, Arg1, Ym1, and CD206 and protein expressions of NAMPT, TLR2, CCR1, and NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by PCR, WB, and immunofluorescence. The NAMPT inhibitor FK866, TLR2 inhibitor C29, CCR1 inhibitor BX471, NAMPT-overexpression (OE) plasmid, and TLR2-OE plasmid were used for mechanism research. As a result, PAL relieved the symptoms of ALI. PAL inhibited M1 phenotype indices and promoted M2 phenotype indices in both LPS-induced mice and RAW264.7 cells. PAL also inhibited the expressions of NAMPT, TLR2, CCR1, and NLRP3 inflammasome. The treatments with FK866, NAMPT-OE plasmid, C29, TLR2-OE plasmid, and BX471 proved that PAL exerted its effect via NAMPT/TLR2/CCR1. Molecular docking suggested that PAL might combine with NAMPT. In conclusion, PAL ameliorated LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting M1 phenotype macrophage polarization via NAMPT/TLR2/CCR1 signaling

    Facile Fabrication of Highly Efficient g‑C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>O Heterostructured Photocatalysts with Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity

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    Highly efficient visible-light-driven g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>O heterostructured photocatalysts were prepared by a simple liquid phase synthesis method at room temperature. The composition, structure, morphology, and optical absorption properties of the as-prepared g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>O composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, TEM, and UV–vis DRS, respectively. We found interestingly that the photogenerated charge carriers separations of the as-prepared g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>O composites were closely related to the mass ratio of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and Ag<sub>2</sub>O. When the mass ratio of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and Ag<sub>2</sub>O reached 1:4, the as-prepared composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, which was almost 11 and 1.2 times as high as that of individual g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and Ag<sub>2</sub>O, respectively. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the synergetic effects between g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and Ag<sub>2</sub>O as well as the improved dispersibility and the decreased particle size of Ag<sub>2</sub>O. Moreover, the as-prepared composites showed excellent stability toward the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO). Finally, a possible photocatalytic and charge separation mechanism was proposed

    Analysis of variation of ion uptake in the shoots of tall fescue as affected by cultivar, salt types and salt concentrations.

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    <p>Analysis of variation of ion uptake in the shoots of tall fescue as affected by cultivar, salt types and salt concentrations.</p

    Schematic presentation of the GbSLSP promoter 5′-and 3′-deletion series.

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    <p>A, Schematic diagrams of deletion series constructs. Solid round (•), the (T/A)AAAG elements on sense strand (5′ to 3′); Solid square (▪), (T/A)AAAG elements on antisense strand (3′ to 5′); White triangle (△), TATA-box. B, Quantitative analysis of GUS activity from the deletion series in T0 transgenic tobacco leaves. Values represent mean and standard error.</p

    Histochemical GUS staining of T1 seedling of tobacco transformed with the full length promoter GbSLSP and its 5′- and 3′-truncated versions.

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    <p>A, Whole seedlings, scale bars = 0.2 mm. B, Rosette leaf zones, scale bars = 0.1 mm. C, Cotyledon zones, scale bars = 0.1 mm.</p

    K and Na content in shoot tissues of tall fescue as affected by sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and calcium chloride.

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    <p>Ion content was measured in weekly intervals over a period of five weeks. Data were combined for two cultivars, Tar Heel II and Wolfpack. * and ** denote significance at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.</p

    Shoot and root biomass of tall fescue as affected by sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and calcium chloride.

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    <p>Data were combined for two cultivars, Tar Heel II and Wolfpack. * and ** denote significance at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.</p

    Salt properties at different molar concentrations in deionized water.

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    <p>a) Electrical conductivity, b) pH, and c) osmotic potential.</p
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