L’entreprise et l’éducation des adultes

L'entreprise, principalement la grande entreprise, est appelée à jouer un rôle très important dans l'enseignement formel, qu'il s'agisse de la récupération scolaire ou la formation professionnelle. L'auteur indique le pourquoi et les modes.*Business enterprises, principally the larger ones, will have in my opinion to play a very extensive role in the organization of formal education, whether in supplemental studies or in professional training. Important advantages would derive from a close cooperation between representatives of labour and management.It will be of much interest within one or two years from now, to assess the results of a pilot experiment taking place presently at Hydro Quebec. For some time already, many firms have been interested in training their employees but they have put too strong an emphasis on industrial techniques.Expenditures by firms in this area should not be considered to be merely philantropic ; education in fact constitutes a very sound investment. Why do interested parties not undertake to study the possibility of legislation dealing with the subject of leave of absence for study.For the purpose of paving the way to such legislation, the experiments presently carried out under collective agreements should be used more extensively

Linking moral identity with moral emotions: A meta-analysis

This meta-analysis examined the relationship between moral identity and moral emotions drawing on 57 independent studies. Moral identity was significantly associated with moral emotions, r = .32, p \u3c .01, 95% CI [.27, .36]. Effect sizes were moderated by the type of moral emotion. Studies reporting other-regarding emotions (sympathy, empathy, compassion) had the largest effect sizes (r = .41), while negative other-evaluative emotions (moral anger, contempt, disgust) had the smallest (r = .16). Self-evaluative and other-evaluative positive emotions had intermediate effect sizes (rs between .29 and .32). The type of emotion measure also was a significant moderator, with trait measures of emotion (r = .38) correlating more strongly with moral identity than state measures (r = .24). Effect sizes did not differ for the type of moral identity measure employed, publication status or cultural origin of the study sample. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate a robust empirical connection between moral identity and moral emotions, which confirms the multi-faceted role of moral identity in moral functioning

Measuring the Sustainability of Cities: A Survey-Based Analysis of the Use of Local Indicators

We analyze 17 studies of the use of sustainable development indicators (SDI) in an urban setting. The analysis reveals a lack of consensus not only on the conceptual framework and the approach favored, but also on the selection and optimal number of indicators. First, by performing different classifications and categorizations of SDI we identify problems inherent in territorial practices that use SDI. Second, we argue that the lack of consensus in several steps of the creation of SDI stems notably from the ambiguity in the definitions of sustainable development, objectives for the use of such indicators, the selection method and the accessibility of qualitative and quantitative data. Third, we propose a selection strategy for SDI through which we demonstrate the need to adopt a parsimonious list of SDI covering the sustainable development components and their constituent categories as broadly as possible while minimizing the number of indicators retained. Nous analysons 17 études traitant de l’utilisation d’indicateurs de développement durable (IDD) en milieu urbain pour différents pays, provinces ou états occidentaux. 188 IDD différents sont recensés dans ces études dont 135 (72 %) ne sont utilisés qu’une ou deux fois. L’analyse de ces études révèle ainsi un faible consensus non seulement au niveau du cadre conceptuel ou de l’approche préconisée, mais aussi en ce qui concerne la sélection et le nombre d’indicateurs optimal. Premièrement, différents classements et catégorisations des IDD recensés nous permettent d’observer et d’identifier les problèmes inhérents aux pratiques territoriales ayant recours aux IDD. Deuxièmement, nous argumentons que l’absence de consensus à plusieurs étapes de la création des IDD émergent entre autres de l’ambiguïté occasionnée par la définition du développement durable, des objectifs visées par l’utilisation de tels indicateurs, de la méthode de sélection préconisée et de l’accessibilité des données qualitatives et quantitatives en cette matière. Troisièmement, nous proposons une stratégie de sélection des IDD (que nous appelons SuBSeleC) où nous démontrons la nécessité d’adoption d’une liste parcimonieuse d’IDD couvrant le plus largement possible les volets du développement durable et des catégories qui les composent tout en minimisant le nombre d’indicateurs retenus. Le résultat est une liste concise et moins redondante d’indicateurs moins sectoriels et plus intégrateurs ayant l’avantage d’englober les dimensions intégrées du développement durable.Cities, Indicators, Sustainable Development, Environment, Local Governance., Villes, indicateurs, développement durable, environnement, gouvernance locale.

Moral Identity: From Theory to Research

Moral identity, often defined as the importance or centrality of moral values to a person’s sense of self, has long been understood to play an important role in moral functioning. However, critical gaps remain regarding its development, cross-context stability, and behavioural significance. This dissertation addresses these gaps in three empirical studies, providing new insights into the nature and function of moral identity across the lifespan and in daily life. The first study (Chapter 2) explores developmental trends in moral identity, testing predictions from moral identity goal theory (Krettenauer, 2022). Using a cross-sectional sample spanning adolescence to old age, the study finds that with age moral identity becomes increasingly informed by abstractly rather than concretely construed values, and increasingly underwritten by internal rather than external motivation. The second study (Chapter 3) examines the stability and malleability of moral identity using experience sampling methods (ESM). By tracking momentary fluctuations in moral identity salience in a sample of Canadian university students over the course of a week, the study demonstrates that moral identity varies significantly within individuals across contexts while also showing stable between-person differences. Further, it shows that within- and between-person differences are related to a variety of morally relevant events experienced in everyday life. The third study (Chapter 4) also employs ESM to explore how moral and immoral action undertaken in daily life can be independently predicted by both within-person fluctuations and between-person differences in the salience and motivation of moral identity. It finds that while variation at both of these levels in moral identity is predictive of discrete actions and behavioural dispositions, this relation is more consistently found and stronger at the within-person level. Moral identity motivations are also found to be uniquely predictive of behaviour, in context-dependent ways. Together, these studies provide a comprehensive view of moral identity as a dynamic construct that develops over the lifespan, exhibits trait-like stability while also responding to situational factors, and profoundly influences behavior. By bridging developmental, socio-cognitive, and individual difference perspectives, this research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of moral identity

Compatibility of the French white certificate program to fulfil the objective of energy savings claimed by the Energy Service Directive

International audienceThe Commission has proposed a Directive on the promotion of end-use efficiency and energy services (ESD) to enhance the cost-effective and efficient end-use of energy in Member States. According to the Directive, the Member States shall adopt and aim to achieve an overall national indicative energy savings target of 9% (or beyond) in 2016. This target is to be reached by way of energy services and other energy efficiency measures. The French National Energy Efficiency Action Plan to comply with the ESD includes a White Certificates scheme (or FWC) as one of the important measures to fulfil the target. As the accountings of energy savings in the FWC scheme and in the ESD are different (e.g. lifetime-cumulated and discounted kWh for FWC and annual kWh for ESD), an analysis of the compliance of both methodologies and a comparison of the assessed savings are necessary. In this paper, we evaluate the compliance with the ESD requirements of two different end-use actions (insulation, heating boiler) included in the FWC scheme. This is done through the concrete case of certificates filed by EDF. The main objective of this evaluation is to assess the contribution of the savings of these FWC actions to the target of the ESD. Finally, general conclusions are drawn about the use of a White Certificates scheme as a monitoring and evaluation tool for the ESD purpose

Assisted reproductive techniques do not impact late neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm children

ObjectiveAssisted reproductive technology (ART) increases the rate of preterm births, though few studies have analyzed outcomes for these infants. No data are available on 4-year-old children born prematurely after ART. The objective was to investigate whether ART affect the neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4 years in preterm infants born before 34 weeks of gestational age (GA).Methods and resultsA total of 166 ART and 679 naturally conceived preterm infants born before 34 weeks GA between 2013 and 2015 enrolled in the Loire Infant Follow-up Team were included. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 4 years using the age and stage questionnaire (ASQ) and the need for therapy services. The association between the socio-economic and perinatal characteristics and non-optimal neurodevelopment at 4 years was estimated. After adjustment, the ART preterm group remained significantly associated with a lower risk of having at least two domains in difficulty at ASQ: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.13–0.88), p = 0.027. The factors independently associated with non-optimal neurodevelopment at 4 years were male gender, low socio-economic level, and 25–30 weeks of GA at birth. The need for therapy services was similar between groups (p = 0.079). The long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm children born after ART are very similar, or even better than that of the spontaneously conceived children

The \u3cem\u3eChlamydomonas\u3c/em\u3e Genome Reveals the Evolution of Key Animal and Plant Functions

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the ∼120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella

Impact of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations on sustained virologic response in HCV-infected patients: Results from the GUARD-C Cohort

BACKGROUND: Despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, peginterferon alfa/ribavirin remains relevant in many resource-constrained settings. The non-randomized GUARD-C cohort investigated baseline predictors of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations (sr-RD) and their impact on sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients receiving peginterferon alfa/ribavirin in routine practice. METHODS: A total of 3181 HCV-mono-infected treatment-naive patients were assigned to 24 or 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa/ribavirin by their physician. Patients were categorized by time-to-first sr-RD (Week 4/12). Detailed analyses of the impact of sr-RD on SVR24 (HCV RNA <50 IU/mL) were conducted in 951 Caucasian, noncirrhotic genotype (G)1 patients assigned to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin for 48 weeks. The probability of SVR24 was identified by a baseline scoring system (range: 0-9 points) on which scores of 5 to 9 and <5 represent high and low probability of SVR24, respectively. RESULTS: SVR24 rates were 46.1% (754/1634), 77.1% (279/362), 68.0% (514/756), and 51.3% (203/396), respectively, in G1, 2, 3, and 4 patients. Overall, 16.9% and 21.8% patients experienced 651 sr-RD for peginterferon alfa and ribavirin, respectively. Among Caucasian noncirrhotic G1 patients: female sex, lower body mass index, pre-existing cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, and low hematological indices were prognostic factors of sr-RD; SVR24 was lower in patients with 651 vs. no sr-RD by Week 4 (37.9% vs. 54.4%; P = 0.0046) and Week 12 (41.7% vs. 55.3%; P = 0.0016); sr-RD by Week 4/12 significantly reduced SVR24 in patients with scores <5 but not 655. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, sr-RD to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin significantly impacts on SVR24 rates in treatment-naive G1 noncirrhotic Caucasian patients. Baseline characteristics can help select patients with a high probability of SVR24 and a low probability of sr-RD with peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin