89 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Tobacco advertising in Points-of-Sale around urban schools in Romania
An Investigation of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions Formation among South-East European Postgraduate Students
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the formation of social entrepreneurial intentions (SEIs) in postgraduate students in the South-East European region. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative approach (self-administered online questionnaire) is used to gather data. The total number of the questionnaires that were collected and analyzed through SPSS statistical suite was 115 from which 111 were valid. Findings: From the proposed five hypotheses set in the literature, only the personality trait theory was totally rejected because it failed to predict social and commercial entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). The remaining hypotheses were found to be valid. The study’s key finding is that the chosen theory (Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB)), is able to predict both kinds of intentions. An alarming key finding is that tensions in mission focus seem to be present in the early shaped intentions of potential social entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications: Research findings impose that major educational and policy efforts are needed to promote the theme of social entrepreneurship (SE). The results indicate that most of the postgraduates have not yet fully understood the mindset of SE as they were confused about the synergy of the goals (inherent in their social vs profit intentions). Originality/value: This research contributes in three major ways to the literature. First, it shows that SEIs seem to be shaped similarly to EIs; determined mostly by two of the motivational factors of the TPB (personal attitude and perceived behavioral control). Second, it shows which factors seem to affect both constructs and third, it adds to the literature by showing that tensions in mission focus are evident early on in the intentions’ formation process, underlying the necessity of immediate educational and legislative precautions
Loneliness is not a homogeneous experience: An empirical analysis of adaptive and maladaptive forms of loneliness in the UK
Understanding loneliness is pivotal to informing relevant evidence-based preventive interventions. The present study examined the prevalence of loneliness in the UK, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the association between loneliness, mental health outcomes, and risk and protective factors for loneliness, after controlling for the effects of social isolation. It was estimated that 18.1% of the population in our study experienced moderately high to very high loneliness. We also found that loneliness was positively associated with self-disgust and social inhibition, and negatively associated with trait optimism and hope. Cluster analysis indicated that two distinct groups emerged among those experiencing higher levels of loneliness: “adaptive” and “maladaptive” loneliness groups. The maladaptive loneliness group displayed psychological characteristics like self-disgust and social inhibition including symptoms of depression and anxiety that can potentially undermine their ability to connect with others and form meaningful social relationships. These findings suggest that not all people experience loneliness in the same way. It is possible that a one-size-fit-all approach to reducing loneliness, may be less effective because it does not take into account the differential psychological profiles and characteristics of lonely people, relevant to their capacity to connect with others
The roles of impulsivity, self-regulation, and emotion regulation in the experience of self-disgust
Self-disgust is a distinct self-conscious emotion schema that is characterized by disgust appraisals directed towards the self. Recent studies have demonstrated an association between self-disgust and a range of psychological disorders, but there is a paucity of research on the psychological phenomena and processes that may elicit self-disgust experiences. The present study assessed the direct and indirect effects of impulsivity, self-regulation, and emotion regulation on self-disgust. Overall, 294 participants (M age = 21.84 years, SD = 4.56) completed structured and anonymous measures of trait impulsivity, self-regulation, emotion regulation strategies, and self-disgust. Path analysis showed that non-planning impulsivity and expressive suppression (positively) and cognitive reappraisal and self-regulation (negatively) predicted self-disgust. Mediation analysis further showed that emotional regulation strategies and self-regulation mediated the association between attentional and non-planning impulsivity and self-disgust. Our findings provide, for the first time, evidence about the association between self-disgust and individual differences in impulsivity, self-regulation, and emotion regulation, and have implications for the psychological phenomena that may lead to self-disgust experiences in non-clinical populations
The role of physical and behavioural self-disgust in relation to insomnia and suicidal ideation
Self-disgust as a potential mechanism explaining the association between loneliness and depression
Background: Loneliness and self-disgust have been considered as independent predictors of
depressive symptoms. In the present study, we hypothesized that self-disgust can explain the
association between loneliness and depression, and that emotion regulation strategies interact
with self-disgust in predicting depressive symptoms.
Methods: Three hundred and seventeen participants (M = 29.29 years, SD = 14.11; 76.9%
females) completed structured anonymous self-reported measures of loneliness, self-disgust,
emotion regulation strategies, and depressive symptoms.
Results: One-way MANOVA showed that participants in the high-loneliness group reported
significantly higher behavioural and physical self-disgust, compared to those in the middle
and low-loneliness groups. Bootstrapped hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that
self-disgust significantly improved predicted variance in depressive symptoms, after
controlling for the effects of loneliness. Regression-based mediation modelling showed that
both physical and behavioural self-disgust significantly mediated the association between
loneliness and depression. Finally, moderated regression analysis showed that expressive
suppression interacted with self-disgust in predicting depressive symptoms.
Limitations: A cross-sectional design was used, and our study focused on expressive
suppression and cognitive reappraisal but not on other aspects of emotion regulation or the
modulation of emotional arousal and responses.
Conclusions: We demonstrated, for the first time, that self-disgust plays an important role in
the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, variations in
emotion regulation strategies can explain the association between self-disgust and depressive
symptoms
Price promotions and marketing within points of sale around high schools in Greece during the 2012 economic crisis
Introduction: Price promotions within points of sale (POS) are a significant risk factor for smoking
initiation and pro-smoking beliefs among adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess
the quantity and types of tobacco advertisements and price promotions within POS located around
schools (<300 m) in two major cities in Greece during the period of economic crisis (2011-2012).
Methods: POS that were within close proximity (<300m) to high schools in the cities of Heraklion
and Thessaloniki, Greece was assessed with the use of Google Maps and on foot surveillance, while
indoor and outdoor advertising characteristics were assessed within each POS. A total of 226 POS
were identified around the 23 schools assessed in the two cities (n=13 in Heraklion and n=10 in Thessaloniki).
Results: On average there were 10 POS around each school, with one in eight POS directly visible from school gates. Advertising was more common inside than outside and price promotions were also
more frequent indoors. British American Tobacco and Philip Morris International were responsible
for >60% of outdoor price promotions.
Conclusions: Price promotions were noted within the majority of POS close to schools. Aggressive promotional activities may hinder efforts to de-normalize tobacco use, especially during financial crisis when price promotions may pose as more attractive to potential consumers
The emotional burden of loneliness and its association with mental health outcomes
Background
The present study examined, for the first time, the emotional burden of loneliness on dimensions of emotional valence and arousal, and its association with mental health outcomes.
Method
A cross-sectional design was used, and data were collected from 503 adults across the UK with an online survey. Measures included socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported measures of loneliness and social isolation, affective ratings (i.e., valence and arousal) of loneliness experiences, and symptoms of depression and anxiety as mental health outcomes.
Results
The emotional burden of loneliness differed significantly across groups with differing loneliness experiences, and females scored significantly higher in the emotional burden of loneliness than males. The emotional burden of loneliness was associated with both depression and anxiety symptoms, and respectively added 4.7% and 6.2% of the variance, on top of measures of loneliness frequency and social isolation.
Conclusions
Measuring the valence and arousal dimensions of loneliness experiences advances our understanding of loneliness experiences and its association with mental health outcomes. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of our study are discussed
Recommended from our members
Impulsive and Self-Regulatory Processes in Risky Driving Among Young People: A Dual Process Model
The present study empirically examined a novel dual process model of self-reported aberrant driving behavior in young and novice drivers that incorporates both impulsive and self-regulatory processes. Four hundred and nine participants aged 18–25 years (M age = 21.18 years, SD = 2.12; 65.5% females) completed online questionnaires on impulsivity, normlessness, sensation seeking, emotion and self-regulation, and attitudes toward driving safety. Path analysis showed that motor impulsivity was associated with self-reported driving violations, errors, and lapses, whereas sensation seeking was uniquely directly associated with self-reported errors. Non-planning impulsivity, normlessness and sensation seeking had significant indirect effects on self-reported errors, via self-regulation. Finally, motor impulsivity and normlessness had a significant indirect effect on self-reported violations, errors and lapses, via attitudes to driving safety. Based on our findings we suggest that a dual-process approach is relevant to the study of aberrant driving behavior in young and novice drivers, and the results of the present study have important implications for initiatives to promote driving safety in this population
- …