Representative optical microscopy images of Quercetin and EGCG aggregates in different solutions.

A: Control, B: Salt solution, C: Low lipase concentration and D: High lipase concentration. Magnifications of 400 X for all the images. 1000 μM of flavonoid concentration in each sample.</p

Sample composition.

Sample composition.</p

From 1D Rods to 3D Networks: A Biohybrid Topological Diversity Investigated by Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation

Biohybrid structures formed by noncovalent interaction between avidin as a bridging unit and biotinylated glycodendrimers based on poly­(propyleneimine) (GD-B) have potential for biomedical application. Therefore, an exact knowledge about molar mass, dispersity, size, shape, and molecular structure is required. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) was applied to separate pure and assembled macromolecules according to their diffusion coefficients. The complex biohybrid structures consist of single components (avidin, differently valent GD-B) and nanostructures. These nanostructures were systematically studied depending on the degree of biotinylation and ligand–receptor stoichiometry by AF4 in combination with dynamic and static light scattering detection. This enables the quantification of composition and calculation of molar masses and radii, which were used to analyze scaling properties and apparent density of the formed structures. These data are compared to hydrodynamic radii obtained by applying the retention theory to the AF4 data. It is shown that depending on their architecture the molecular shape of biohybrid structures is changed from rod-like to spherical toward network-like behavior

PACE gel.

PACE gel showing extracted oat and barley mixed-linkage β-glucan, fingerprinted with specific glycosylhydrolases (‘A’–with α-amylase to analyse starch related impurities; ‘L’–with lichenase to analyse the presence and relative quantity of extracted β-glucan; ‘X’–with xylanase 11 to analyse xylan related impurities and ‘b’–background, non-digested sample) and their separation based on size and structure after derivatization with ANTS. ‘S’ shows starch sample digested with α-amylase and ‘std’ shows (Xyl)1-6 standards used for oligosaccharides identification. Bands marked with blue asterisks are mixed-linkage β-glucan specific oligosaccharides DP ≥ 3. Xyl1 –xylose, Xyl2 –xylobiose, Xyl3 –xylotriose, Xyl4 –xylotetraose, Xyl5—Xylopentaose, Xyl6 –Xylohexaose. Shorter oligosaccharides migrate further in the polyacrylamide gel.</p

Interaction of quercetin and EGCG aggregates with lipase, AF4 results.

(A) AF4-MALS-UV fractograms of pancreatic lipase. 40 μg of injected mass. LS is the light scattering signal at 90°, UV is the UV-signal at 280 nm. (B) Remnant lipase after the interaction with quercetin and EGCG. All the samples were analyzed in duplicate. The error bars represent the standard deviation. (C, D) UV fractograms for lipase quantification after the interaction with different concentrations of quercetin and EGCG.</p

Example of optical density over time curves of quercetin and EGCG (multiplied by 7 for visual purposes).

Concentrations of 1000 μM for each flavonoid prepared in the low lipase solution. The error bars are the standard deviation of at least triplicate analysis and the grey line represent the linear regression.</p

Summary of characterization of the β-glucan extracts from oat and barley.

<p>The table includes purity and composition values, weight-average molar mass, average r_rms and mass recovery from the AF4 channel.</p

Additional file 1: of CSF sTREM2 in delirium—relation to Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers Aβ42, t-tau and p-tau

Figure S1. CSF sTREM2 and the relation to age in hip fracture patients. Figure S2. Triplex MSD measurements of CSF Aβ peptides in dementia patients. Table S1. CSF t-tau/Aβ42 and p-tau/Aβ42 ratios and correlations to CSF sTREM2 in the hip fracture cohort. Figure S3. CSF sTREM2 and the ratios of t-tau/Aβ42 and p-tau/Aβ42. Figure S4. CSF sTREM2 and age in medical delirium patients (PDF 4106 kb

Stability results.

(A, B) Initial precipitation rate of quercetin and EGCG, respectively. (C, D) Final turbidity results of quercetin and EGCG after 2 hours of incubation. The optical density (OD) was measured at a wavelength of 600 nm during 2 hours of incubation at 37°C. The error bars represent the standard deviation of at least triplicates.</p

Final optical density.

Final optical density.</p