Labor Relations Law in North America

[Excerpt] In establishing their Agreement on Labor Cooperation as a complement to the North American Free Trade Agreement, the governments of Canada, the United States and Mexico accepted the fact that each nation had evolved a different system of labor law and administration. They agreed that those systems should continue to evolve independently within each sovereign jurisdiction. But they also recognized the extremely important fact that these three systems were based on underlying principles which were held in common and which could be articulated. These are the 11 Labor Principles of the NAALC. Each principle defines a sector of labor law, which is given concrete expression by the statutes and jurisprudence of the different jurisdictions. The parties to the NAALC undertake solemn obligations to ensure that their laws in these sectors are effectively enforced. Thus all competitors in the North American Free Trade area will operate under the law in regard to labor matters, administered openly and consistently. Such is a major objective of the NAALC. The objective of this publication by the Commission for Labor Cooperation is to enable the public at large in North America, and not just specialists in comparative labor law, to know simply and clearly what those different labor law regimes are and how they are administered. The NAALC relies primarily on the public to draw attention to any deficiencies which may occur in regard to labor law administration. It is thus imperative that the public have ready access to the content of the laws and how they are meant to apply, organized following the schema of the NAALC

Megaesófago por Miastenia gravis adquirida en un bóxer

La misatenia gravis (MG) es una enfermedad autoinmune, se presenta con frecuencia en perros; uno de los hallazgos que se asocian a la enfermedad es el megaesofago, es indispensable a través del conocimiento clínico de la enfermedad y la realización de pruebas complementarias como imagenologia, laboratorio y pruebas inmunológicas accesibles, que los clínicos se acerquen en la medida de lo posible al diagnostico de la enfermedad, esto con el objetivo de que los pacientes tengan una mejoría a través de un tratamiento médico justificado para MG. Se presenta el caso de un bóxer hembra con signologia asociada a MG cuya evolución ha sido favorable

La investigación en el proceso de soporte empírico de las terapias: alcances y limitaciones

Esta revisión de la literatura actual intenta hacer una recopilación preliminar de los aspectos más importantes de la discusión en torno a la metodología de investigación en clínica conocida como Terapias con Soporte Empírico, usadas para fortalecer la acción terapéutica y mejorar el posicionamiento de la profesión y disciplina psicológica, aumentar la confianza en la psicología clínica por parte de los usuarios potenciales y la gente del común y fomentar su uso extendido entre personas y grupos con dificultades emocionales o conductuales que requieran ayuda. Se discuten aspectos como la manualización, la integración de la investigación con la profesión y la difusión de los avances investigativos, el control de variables, la comparabilidad entre estudios, la evaluación de los componentes del tratamiento, el tipo de medidas utilizadas en la investigación, el entrenamiento y actualización de los terapeutas y algunos aspectos éticos.This article examine the recent literature about Empirically Validated Therapies, also called evidence-based practice, and attempt summarize the very important topics around research in clinic psychology. The Empirically Supported Therapies are used in order to strengthen the therapeutic action and to improve the positioning of the profession and psychological discipline, to increase the trust in the clinical psychology on the part of the potential and actual users and to foment its extended use between people and groups with emotional and/or behavioral difficulties that require help. In the discussion, aspects like the manualization, the integration of the investigation with the profession, the diffusion of the investigative advances, the control of variables, the comparability among studies, the evaluation of the components of the treatment, the type of measures used in the investigation, the training of therapists and ethical aspects are discussed

Estética vs bienestar : síndrome braquiocefálico /

Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223

The iTunes of Downloadable Guns: Firearms as a First Amendment Right

As society becomes more technology driven, legal issues continue to arise around the world. From privacy to national security, technology develops at a rate the law simply cannot keep up with. In the United States, one of the biggest legal issues is how the new risks technology brings will interfere with our individual liberties. Technologies like three-dimensional (“3D”) printing have transformed everything from lifesaving surgeries to gun manufacturing. This technology has led to a whole new way of communicating via computer coding, with the online open source movement leading innovation by allowing for the sharing and editing of files freely. The 3D movement has continued to grow, becoming more accessible to people everywhere. When this movement was used to create 3D printing files that could be used to print three-dimensional functioning firearms, fear quickly spread and many called for government action. Laws restricting the sharing of 3D printing files in the name of national security and public safety have become more common and widely supported. Since 2013, the executive branch, Defense Distributed, and multiple states have been involved in a legal battle banning the free sharing of such files on the internet. These restrictions infringe on the First Amendment right of Freedom of Speech. Regardless of the content of a 3D printing file, attempts to protect the nation’s public safety and national security should also protect the Constitution by fostering the freedom to freely share information and innovation

Crimes against the Order of the Family, Public Morality, and Decency : Sexual Violence and Jurisprudence in Coahuila, Mexico, 1871-1931

This study focuses on how institutions, the law, and litigants of sexual crimes interpreted estupro (seduction/deflowering), rape, and incest crimes in the northeastern Mexican state of Coahuila during 1871-1931. The dissertation explores the diverse ways that liberal legislation proved disadvantageous to women and especially young girls. By taking a regional approach, I examine the role that Coahuila\u27s courtroom practices and laws had on the adjudication of sexual crimes. I argue that despite the liberal lawmakers\u27 intents to modernize criminal law, women and children were not protected from sexual predators. During the study\u27s period, two pieces of national legislation that governed penal law were passed—the national 1871 Criminal Code and its revised version, the 1931 Criminal Code. Coahuilense legislators modified the national 1871 Criminal Code, creating Coahuila\u27s 1900 Criminal Code, which remained in effect in Coahuila until 1932. However, Coahuila\u27s 1900 Criminal Code reduced the severity of penalties for sexual crimes. To access for how Coahuilense families, offended women, and defendants constructed their own notions of sexual honor and morality, I examined 282 criminal cases. In the majority of cases litigants claimed that the sexual crime was an offense against their familial honor. In some trials involving child sexual crimes, the families labeled those as crimes against public morality and good customs. The majority of sexual victims were perpetrated against victims who were 18-years old and younger, which represent 63 percent of the litigants in this study. Yet, only 31 cases resulted in a punishment. Youth appeared to influence the prosecution of sexual crimes since 87 percent of the cases that received a guilty verdict involved a victim 18 and younger. However, the majority of case outcome resulted in acquittals often influenced by judiciary biases toward poor, educated, especially rural families, and female-headed households. Estupro and rape cases were also negatively impacted by high evidentiary burden of proof, the arbitrary judicial application of legal elements, and discriminatory courtroom practices. Consequently, the majority of litigants were not protected by criminal law

Analysis of mortality during the winter seasons in Mexico from 2000 to 2012

To analyze mortality from all causes in Mexico during the winter months. Methods: Data was extracted and tabulated on monthly all-cause mortality in the general population from 2000 to 2012 from the INEGI database. Coeficients of seasonal variation in mortality were calculated. Results: In Mexico there was an increase of 14 % in mortality in the general population during winter. The more susceptible age groups were older people and children, with increases of 18% and 13% respectively. The months with low levels of mortality were April, October and September for children, adolescents and older people respectively. Conclusions: Important increases in winter mortality occur in Mexico