Table1_Causal effects of various types of physical activities on psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study.xls

BackgroundPsychiatric disorders (PD) pose a significant burden, with vast prevalence and mortality, inflicting substantial costs on individuals and society. Despite its widespread prevalence, the complex pathogenesis of PD remains elusive, leading to limited and challenging therapeutic development. An emerging risk factor for chronic diseases, prolonged sedentary behavior, contrasts with the therapeutic potential of exercise, regardless of its intensity, for various ailments, including PD. Yet, the diversity in exercise modalities and intensities may offer varied impacts on health. This study, leveraging Mendelian Randomization (MR), seeks to investigate the causal relationship between exercise and PD, aiming to elucidate the optimal exercise modality and intensity for PD mitigation while addressing potential confounders.MethodsThis study employed a Mendelian randomization analysis using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database to investigate the causal relationship between types of physical activity and psychiatric disorders. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to demonstrate the reliability and robustness of the results.ResultsIn the past 4 weeks, engaging in a substantial amount of DIY physical activity was found to have a causal relationship with psychiatric disorders (IVW: OR = 0.228, 95% CI: 0.113–0.461, P = 0.000038). As for the types of exercises, there may be a potential causal association between aerobic training (including swimming, cycling, fitness, and bowling) and psychiatric disorders (IVW: OR = 0.322, 95% CI = 0.148–0.704, P = 0.004). However, there was no causal relationship found between mild DIY physical activity and psychiatric disorders (IVW: OR = 0.918, 95% CI = 0.417–2.021, P = 0.831). Furthermore, it seems that there is no causal relationship between vigorous exercise and psychiatric disorders (IVW: OR = 2.705, 95% CI = 0.081–3.419, P = 0.578).ConclusionOur study confirms that only a certain level of training activity can have a protective effect on psychiatric disorders, while mild physical activity or vigorous training does not have an impact on psychiatric disorders.</p

Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties Realized in Polycrystalline Bi₂S₂Se via Carrier and Microstructure Modulation

Bi2S2Se compounds have been investigated as the most promising ternary component in the Bi2S3–Bi2Se3 system. However, there is still some space to increase the thermoelectric (TE) performance. In this work, the TE properties of the Bi2S2Se system have been enhanced through the utilization of BiI3 as a highly effective n-type dopant, leveraging the advantageous high solubility of the iodine(I) within the material. The results showed that BiI3 could effectively improve the electrical conductivity of the Bi2S2Se matrix by shifting the Fermi level toward the conduction band. As the BiI3 content increases, the conductivity shows an increasing trend. When the BiI3 content is 1 wt %, it reaches its maximum value of 32.4 S cm–1, representing a 400% improvement compared to the undoped sample. Additionally, the point defects due to the I solid solution served as effective phonon scattering centers combined with pores left by sublimation of I. Both factors worked together to suppress lattice thermal conductivity effectively. Ultimately, benefiting from the simultaneous optimization of electrical and thermal properties, the best ZT value of 0.65 is achieved for the sample with 1 wt % BiI3 addition. The temperature range of 473–673 K exhibits an average ZT that approximates 0.55. This study confirmed that BiI3 could effectively enhance the TE performance of Bi2S2Se, and held promising prospects for further applications

Additional file 1: of Individuals with knee impairments identify items in need of clarification in the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) pain interference and physical function item banks – a qualitative study

Results of Item Screening. (XLSX 16 kb

Identification of antibacterial and antioxidant constituents of the essential oils of <i>Cynanchum chinense</i> and <i>Ligustrum compactum</i>

<div><p>The aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the essential oils from <i>Cynanchum chinense</i> and <i>Ligustrum compactum</i> and isolation of antioxidant and antibacterial constituents from the essential oils. Thirty-eight components were identified in essential oils. Based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, guaiacol, linalool and 2-phenylethanol were isolated and identified as active constituents. Both <i>L. compactum</i> flower oil and 2-phenylethanol showed high antibacterial performance, with inhibition zone from 22.8 ± 0.8 to 11.9 ± 2.0 mm at highest concentration, and minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.25% to 1%. In both DPPH and ABTS assay, the active constituent guaiacol (IC₅₀ = 4.15 ± 0.72 and 9.12 ± 0.98 μg mL^− 1, respectively) exhibited high antioxidant activity, and the oils showed moderate antioxidant activity. These results indicate potential efficacy of active constituents and essential oils of <i>L. compactum</i> and <i>C. chinense</i> to control food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria.</p></div

Galectin-12 and VPS13C are co-upregulated during adipocyte differentiation.

<p>Expression was assayed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR for mRNA levels (<b>A and B</b>) and by immunoblotting for protein levels (<b>C and D</b>) in subconfluent 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, or at different time points of adipocyte differentiation. Adipocyte differentiation was induced at day 0, when cells were three days post confluence, following an established adipogenic regimen [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153534#pone.0153534.ref022" target="_blank">22</a>]. Bar graphs present data (means ± s.e.) from three experiments.</p

PROMIS® Alcohol Use Item Banks: Construction and Calibration

<p>Describing the construction and calibration of the PROMIS Alcohol Use item banks.  Poster presented in 2011 at the University of Pittsburgh.</p

VPS13C colocalizes with lysosomes and galectin-12.

<p>(<b>A</b> and <b>B</b>) HeLa cells transfected with Myc-tagged VPS13C were first stained with MitoTracker Deep Red, fixed, permeabilized and immunostained with mouse anti-Myc tag and rabbit anti-calnexin antibodies. (<b>C</b>) HeLa cells transfected with Myc-tagged VPS13C were immunostained with mouse anti-LAMP1 and rabbit anti-Myc antibodies. (<b>D</b>) HeLa cells were transduced with a retrovirus encoding 3xFLAG-tagged galectin-12 and transfected with Myc-tagged VPS13C. Cells were then immunostained with mouse anti-FLAG and rabbit anti-Myc antibodies and appropriate fluorescence-labeled secondary antibodies. Deconvolved image stacks were analyzed for colocalization of the red and green signals with the Coloc 2 plugin of ImageJ. Scale bar, 10 μm. Results are representative of three experiments.</p

VPS13C is required for galectin-12 protein stability in adipocytes.

<p>3T3-L1 cells were stably transduced with a doxycycline-inducible conditional knockdown system for <i>LacZ</i> (control), galectin-12, or <i>Vps13c</i>. Cells were then stimulated to undergo adipocyte differentiation for 7 days and then treated with doxycycline for 3 days to induce gene knockdown. Protein levels and galectin-12 mRNA levels were determined by immunoblotting (<b>A</b>) and quantitative RT-PCR (<b>B</b>), respectively. (<b>C</b>) 3T3-L1 adipocytes transduced with the above system were treated with doxycycline for 3 days in the absence or presence of the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine or the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 before immunoblot assay with galectin-12 or tubulin antibodies. Results are representative of three experiments. Asterisks denote statistical significance.</p

VPS13C knockdown sensitized cells to proteasome inhibition.

<p>3T3-L1 fibroblasts engineered with the doxycycline-induced LacZ or VPS13C knockdown system were treated for three days without or with doxycycline in the presence of chloroquine, MG-132, or 3-MA. Cell viability was then analyzed using MTS assay[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153534#pone.0153534.ref058" target="_blank">58</a>]. Results are representative of three experiments. Asterisks denote statistical significance.</p

Like galectin-12, VPS13C is required for adipocyte differentiation.

<p>3T3-L1 cells were stably transduced with a doxycycline-inducible conditional knockdown system for <i>LacZ</i> (control), galectin-12, or <i>Vps13c</i>. Cells were then stimulated to undergo adipocyte differentiation following an established regimen for 10 days, in the continuous absence or presence of doxycycline. Adipocyte differentiation was assayed by Oil-Red-O staining of neutral lipids (<b>A</b> and <b>B</b>), by quantification of triglycerides with AdipoRed (<b>C</b>), and by immunoblotting of indicated adipocyte proteins (<b>D</b>). Asterisks denote statistical significance (*P < 0.05). Results are representative of three to four experiments.</p