9 research outputs found
Biochar as substitute for organic matter in the composition of substrates for seedlings.
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that pyrogenic carbon (biochar) has properties that enable
it to replace fresh organic matter (cattle manure) in seedling substrates. These properties include specific
electrophysiological interactions in soil-plant media, stability and longevity. The experiment was conducted in
the nursery at the State University of Mato Grosso, located in the municipality of Nova Xavantina, between April and June 2011. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with ten treatments and four replicates, including a commercial substrate. Linear regression analysis showed a strong positive relationship between manure treatments and number of leaves, fresh and dry biomass, diameter, height and Dickson Quality Index at 30 and 40 days after sowing (DAS), with the exception of height at 30 DAS. There was no significant relationship for biochar dosage in any assessment for these parameters. The use of substrates with different dosages of cattle manure resulted in an increase of seedling quality compared to biochar and commercial substrates. The hypothesis that biochar can be substituted for fresh organic matter and is more stable in the substrate was not supported
Biochar no manejo de nitrogênio e fósforo para a produção de mudas de angico
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar applied together with the macronutrients N and P, for the formation of substrate, on the growing of angico (Anadenanthera colubrina) seedlings for forest restoration. The experiments were conducted in a forest nursery, in a completely randomized block design. Interactions were studied between increasing concentrations of biochar and of N as urea, and between concentrations of biochar and P as superphosphate, added to a Yellow Oxisol. Seedling patterns of growth, quality, and nutrition were determined, and the results were subjected to the study of polynomial regression (response surface). The interaction between biochar and N favored leaf nutrition and leaf‑concentration of Mg of angico seedlings; however, it did not influence plant growth. Angico seedlings subjected to the application of biochar and P showed higher nutrition and nutrient use efficiency of Ca and K. Biochar application with N and P to the substrate shows potential for the production of quality seedlings, which favors the success of practices for forest restoration in regions with low soil fertility and subjected to water stress periods.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de biochar aplicado com os macronutrientes N e P, para a formação de substratos, no desenvolvimento de mudas de angico (Anadenanthera colubrina) para a restauração florestal. Os experimentos foram realizados em viveiro florestal, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Estudaram-se interações entre concentrações crescentes de biochar e de N, na forma de ureia, e de biochar e P, na forma de superfosfato simples, adicionados a Latossolo Amarelo.Determinaram-se os parâmetros de crescimento, qualidade e nutrição das mudas, e os resultados foram submetidos ao estudo de regressão polinomial (superfície de resposta). A interação entre biochar e N beneficiou a qualidade e a concentração foliar de Mg das mudas de angico, apesar de não influenciar o crescimento das plantas. As mudas de angico submetidas à aplicação de biochar e P mostraram maior qualidade e eficiência de uso dos nutrientes Ca e K. A adição de biochar ao substrato, junto com N e P, apresenta potencial de uso para a produção de mudas de qualidade, o que favorece o sucesso de práticas de restauração florestal em regiões com baixa fertilidade do solo e sujeitas a períodos de estresse hídrico
Efeito de homeopatia na germinação de sementes de ipê amarelo
Studies with homeopathie on seed germination of native forest species are scarce, regardless of its potential as low impact technology. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of homeopathic medications in different dynamizations in the seed germination of yellow ipe. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications, in a factorial scheme with the three medicines in five dynamizations, totaling 16 treatments with the control consisting of distilled water. The medications used were Calcarea carbonica, Carbo vegetabilis and Silicea. The mediations were applied in of 6, 12, 30, 100 and 200 centesimals hahnemanianas (CH) dynamizations. Regarding germination percentage and speed of germination index the medicament Silicea in 12CH dynamization was less efficient when compared to others medications and dynamizations. The use of homeopathic preparations does not benefit the pattern of yellow ipe seeds germination.Estudos com homeopatia na germinação de sementes de espécies florestais nativas são escassos, apesar do potencial dessa tecnologia de baixo impacto. Por esse motivo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o uso de medicamentos homeopáticos em diferentes dinamizações na germinação de sementes de ipê amarelo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições, em esquema fatorial, com três medicamentos em cinco dinamizações, totalizando 16 tratamentos com a testemunha formada por água destilada. Foram utilizados os medicamentos homeopáticos Calcarea carbonica, Carbo vegetabilis e Silicea, todos nas dinamizações 6, 12, 30, 100 e 200 centesimais hahnemanianas (CH). Em relação à porcentagem de germinação e ao índice de velocidade de germinação a homeopatia de Silicea na dinamização 12CH foi menos eficiente quando comparada às demais dinamizações e aos demais medicamentos. O uso dos preparados homeopáticos não beneficia o padrão de germinação de sementes de ipê amarelo
INTERACTIONS OF BIOCHAR AND ORGANIC COMPOUND FOR SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION OF Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil.
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that biochar, applied with cattle manure, promotes better development of seedlings of Magonia pubescens St. Hil. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil, in 2011. We used a completely randomized design, with twelve treatments and three replications. The substrates formed by the higher levels of cattle manure plus biochar (30%) provided better results of height, diameter and aerial biomass. However, the Dickson Quality Index has not confirmed the quality of seedlings in these treatments. We also observed that the doses of biochar (20 and 30%) when added separately to the Latosol, are not efficient for the growth improvement of the seedlings. Based on the present results, we validate the hypothesis that substrates formed with a mixture of cattle manure and biochar are effective to improve the production of seedlings of M. pubescens
Biochar adicionado em Latossolo Vermelho beneficia o desenvolvimento de mudas de beterraba?
The objective of this study was to verify the effect of biochar (granulated charcoal) added to an oxisol on the sugar beet seedlings production. The experiment was conducted in the seedlings nursery at the Mato Grosso State University, located at Nova Xavantina municipality, MT, Brazil, during the 2011 crop year. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four repetitions. Different doses of biochar were applied to an oxisol in order to evaluate the seedlings growth and quality, studing the differences between doses of biochar through linear regression. The biochar addition to the oxisol did not promoted growth or quality increase on sugar beet seedlings. All the evaluated treatments presented poor seedlings development and quality, below the optimal level. The addition of low-chemical quality biochar in low fertility soils and with no fertilization is not recommended for sugar beet production during the short seedling production cycle.O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em verificar o efeito do biochar (carvão vegetal) adicionado em Latossolo Vermelho na produção de mudas de beterraba. O experimento foi realizado no viveiro da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, município de Nova Xavantina, em 2011. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram utilizadas diferentes doses de biochar com Latossolo Vermelho avaliando-se o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas, verificando-se as diferenças entre as doses de biochar através do teste de regressão linear. A adição de biochar ao Latossolo Vermelho não promoveu acréscimo de crescimento ou qualidade das mudas de beterraba. Todos os tratamentos avaliados apresentaram desenvolvimento e qualidade das mudas abaixo do ideal. A adição de biochar de baixa qualidade química em solos de baixa fertilidade e sem adubação não é recomendada para a produção de beterraba durante o ciclo curto de produção de mudas
Comparing the methods plot and point-centered quarter to describe a woody community from typical Cerrado
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2015v28n2p61Este artigo avalia a eficiência dos métodos de parcelas de área fixa (PA) e pontos quadrantes (QD) na descrição de uma comunidade lenhosa de Cerrado Típico. Utilizamos 10 PA e 140 QD, distribuídos em cinco transeções. Comparamos a densidade de indivíduos, a composição florística, a riqueza de famílias, gêneros e espécies e a estrutura vertical e horizontal da vegetação. O método de PA foi mais eficiente para amostrar densidade de indivíduos. O método de QD foi mais eficiente na caracterização da riqueza de espécies, da estrutura vertical da vegetação e do registro de espécies com baixa abundância. A composição de famílias, gêneros e espécies, bem como as espécies com maior índice de valor de importância na comunidade foram determinadas de maneira semelhante pelos dois métodos. Os métodos comparados são complementares. Sugerimos que o uso de PA, de QD ou de ambos os métodos pode ser direcionado ao parâmetro vegetacional investigado.This article evaluates the effectiveness of the methods fixed area plots (AP) and point-centered quarters (PQ) to describe a woody community from typical Cerrado. We used 10 APs and 140 PQs, distributed into 5 transects. We compared the density of individuals, floristic composition, richness of families, genera, and species, and vertical and horizontal vegetation structure. The AP method was more effective to sample the density of individuals. The PQ method was more effective for characterizing species richness, vertical vegetation structure, and record of species with low abundance. The composition of families, genera, and species, as well as the species with higher importance value index in the community were similarly determined by the 2 methods. The methods compared are complementary. We suggest that the use of AP, PQ, or both methods may be aimed at the vegetation parameter under study
Dados Suplementares - Dados de Campo e fitossociológicos - método de Parcelas e Ponto-Quadrantes
<p>Dados de medição de campo e tabelas fitossociológicas completas de amostragem de vegetação de cerrado típuco pelos métodos de parcela e de ponto-quadrante. </p>
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