Large within subject variance in childhood cognitive ability scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born 1943-1953 [Abstract]

Large within subject variance in childhood cognitive ability scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born 1943-1953 [Abstract

Life course associations of height, weight, fatness, grip strength, and all-cause mortality for high socioeconomic status Guatemalans

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between physical growth in pre-adult life with five outcomes at age 64-76: weight, body mass index, estimated body fat percentage, hand grip strength and mortality. Methods: Super-Imposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) growth curves of 40,484 Guatemalan individuals aged 3-19 years were modelled for the parameters of size, timing and intensity (peak growth velocity, e.g. cm/year) of height, weight, body mass index, and grip strength. Associations between the SITAR parameters and old age outcomes were tested using linear and binary logistic regression for a follow-up sample of high socioeconomic status (SES) Guatemalans, of whom 50 were aged 64-76 years old at re-measurement and 45 died prior to the year 2017. Results: SITAR models explained 69-98% of the variance in each outcome, with height the most precise. Individuals in the follow-up sample who had a higher BMI before age 20 years had higher estimated body fat (B=1.4 CI -0.02-2.8) and BMI (B=1.2, CI 0.2-2.2) at the ages 64-76 years. Those who grew slower in height but faster in weight and BMI before age 20 years, had higher BMI and body fat later in life. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of a life course perspective on health and mortality risk. Childhood exposures leading to variation in pre-adult growth may be key to better understanding health and mortality risks in old age

Large within subject variance in childhood cognitive ability scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born 1943-1953 [Abstract]

Large within subject variance in childhood cognitive ability scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born 1943-1953 [Abstract

Four decades of socioeconomic inequalities and secular changes in the physical growth of Guatemalans [abstract]

Four decades of socioeconomic inequalities and secular changes in the physical growth of Guatemalans [abstract

Instability in longitudinal childhood IQ scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born between 1941-1953.

Childhood IQ has been used to predict later life outcomes across disciplines in epidemiology, education, and psychology. Most often only a single childhood IQ test is available or is used for these purposes in the belief that IQ is stable across the life course. The primary aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal stability of individuals' IQ test scores derived from school-age tests. The secondary aim was to investigate the association of the pre-adult scores with later life intelligence scores. The longitudinal pre-adult IQ scores of 42 high socioeconomic status Guatemalans born 1941-1953 were analysed and showed low stability of longitudinal test scores. Fluctuations of >1SD were found for 59.5% of the sample. The same participants, aged 64-76 years, were re-assessed and average pre-adult IQ explained 12% of variance in the older age intelligence score. The reasons behind the longitudinal instability in test scores reported in this study remains unknown but the results suggest single point measurements of intelligence before adulthood should be regarded with some caution

Large within subject variance in childhood cognitive ability scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born 1943-1953 [Poster]

Large within subject variance in childhood cognitive ability scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born 1943-1953 [Poster

Large within subject variance in childhood cognitive ability scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born 1943-1953 [Poster]

Large within subject variance in childhood cognitive ability scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born 1943-1953 [Poster

Life course associations of height, weight, fatness, grip strength, and all-cause mortality for high socioeconomic status Guatemalans

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between physical growth in pre-adult life with five outcomes at age 64-76: weight, body mass index, estimated body fat percentage, hand grip strength and mortality. Methods: Super-Imposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) growth curves of 40,484 Guatemalan individuals aged 3-19 years were modelled for the parameters of size, timing and intensity (peak growth velocity, e.g. cm/year) of height, weight, body mass index, and grip strength. Associations between the SITAR parameters and old age outcomes were tested using linear and binary logistic regression for a follow-up sample of high socioeconomic status (SES) Guatemalans, of whom 50 were aged 64-76 years old at re-measurement and 45 died prior to the year 2017. Results: SITAR models explained 69-98% of the variance in each outcome, with height the most precise. Individuals in the follow-up sample who had a higher BMI before age 20 years had higher estimated body fat (B=1.4 CI -0.02-2.8) and BMI (B=1.2, CI 0.2-2.2) at the ages 64-76 years. Those who grew slower in height but faster in weight and BMI before age 20 years, had higher BMI and body fat later in life. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of a life course perspective on health and mortality risk. Childhood exposures leading to variation in pre-adult growth may be key to better understanding health and mortality risks in old age