Kinerja Proses Hibrid Membran (Nanofiltrasi-Reverse Osmosis) Dalam Pengolahan Air Mengandung Ciprofloxacin Antibiotik

The clean water crisis becomes a world and Indonesia problem. One of the causes of the declining environment quality is the contamination of antibiotic. Potential used of antibiotics in hospitals causes residual antibiotics to be mixed in wastewater. Antibiotics are resistant and persistent in the aquatic environment even in small concentrations. Ciprofloxacin is one type of antibiotic that its use increases every year. Hospital wastewater treatment has not been designed for antibiotics, so it needs to develop alternative technologies to solve the problem. Membrane is one of the newest technologies in wastewater treatment. Membranes can be integrated between membrane types and between processing systems (Hybrid membrane). In this research, commercial membranes are used cellulose acetate (NF) and composite polyamid (RO). Scale experimental research laboratory capacity 300 L/day. The pressure operated is 80 psi with variation of Ciprofloxacin concentration 4, 5 and 10 ppm. Membrane performance variables are flux and rejection. The highest flux result in a solution of 4 ppm Ciprofloxacin NF 7.63 L/m2.jam and RO 6.10 L/m2.jam, 5 ppm at NF 7.46 L/m2.jam and RO 5.65 L/m2.jam and 10 ppm at NF 7.46 L/m2.jam and RO 5.76 L/m2.jam. The highest rejection of Hybrid membrane systems (NF-RO) were 98.25%, 97.4% and 98.4%, respectively. Hybrid membrane (NF-RO) has a good performance and can significantly reduce the level of Ciprofloxacin antibiotics

The Effect of n-Butanol Addittion on Research Octane Number and Water Content of Gasohol

It has been conducted the research about the effects of butanol addition on thel characteristics of gasohol. The aims of this study are to determine the stability of ethanol and n-butanol in gasoline, to know the characteristics of gasohol and after the addition of butanol and compare the characteristics of gasohol and after the addition of butanol. Mixture of of butanol on gasohol were characterized by using ASTM method. The parameters measured are water content (ASTM D-1995), Research Octane Number (RON) (ASTM D-2699), Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) (ASTM D-323) and Copper Strip Corrosion test (ASTM D-130). The result of this research shows that n-butanol 99,9% and ethanol 99,9% are miscible in gasoline. The characterization result shows that the addition of butanol will decrease water content, reid vapor pressure, research octane number (RON), G-80%/E- 10%/B-10% mixture is the best characteristic of gasohol with ron 93. The result of all the parameters and characterization meets the ASTM standard of gasoline

Analisis Potensi Cemaran Sisa Penggunaan Antibiotik di Perairan Umum (Studi Kasus : Badan Sungai Musi Kota Palembang)

The Antibiotics is the basic needs of human health serves to inhibit or kill the growth of microorganisms. Sources of activities had potential to produce antibiotic in water bodies include through a variety of activities in agriculture, animal, pharmacueticals and personal care products and industry. The river is the final disposal for all the activities, water from Musi River becomes the primary material used various aspects of life. This study aims to determine the distribution pattern of antibiotics and content in the Musi River, Palembang. The study was conducted of March until October 2019, using analytic observational research by cross sectional measurements. Sampling points at three locations, location 1 (Ampera Bridge), location 2 (Kertapati Bridge) and location 3 (Musi 2 Bridge). Stages of Laboratory Analysis were carried out to determine the type of antibiotics contained in water samples using Agilent 6540 Liquid Chromatography / Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC / Q-TOF / MS). LC / Q-TOF / MS produces good sensitivity and selectivity values and has the ability to screen untargetted drugs. Two types of antibiotics are identified, namely Ciprofloxacin and Netilmicin in all three water samples and quantitative analysis is needed to obtain the concentration

Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dan Kadmium (Cd) Pada Daging Ikan Gabus (Channa Sriata) Yang Dijual Di Pasar KM 5 Palembang

Ikan Gabus (Channa Sriata) merupakan produk ikan yang potensial untuk diolah menjadi berbagai macam produk makanan. Ikan gabus tergolong ikan predator yang berpotensi tinggi tercemar logam berat seperti Logam Timbal (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd). Ikan gabus dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan metode Simple random sampling di pasar KM 5 Palembang. Hasil pengujian kadar logam Timbal pada 3 ikan gabus segar dan ikan asin memiliki kadar berturut turut 0.0419 mg/kg; 0.0450 mg/kg dan 0.0385 mg/kg untuk ikan gabus segar dan 0.49 mg/kg; 0.42 mg/kg dan 0.66 mg/kg untuk ikan asin gabus. Hasil pengujian kadar logam Kadmium pada 3 ikan gabus segar memiliki kadar berturut-turut 0.1291 mg/kg; 0.1449 mg/kg dan 0.1573 mg/kg. Kadar logam Timbal (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) pada ikan Gabus (Channa Sriatai) memiliki kadar dibawah ambang batas baku mutu kadar logam untuk produk ikan segar yatu 0.4 mg/kg dan 0.5 mg/kg. Sedangkan untuk produk ikan asin gabus memiliki kadar logam Timbal diatas ambang batas baku mutu untuk kadar logam timbal yaitu 0.3 mg/kg untuk olahan ikan

Hospital Wastewater: Prediction of Contaminant Characteristics and the Possibility of Hybrid Membrane Process

Hospital as one of the possible causes of water pollutants containing infectious, pathogens, toxic, biodegradable, radioactive contaminants, pharmaceutical product that can be a hazard agent in the environment. Wastewater treatment plant owned hospitals generally have not been able to eliminate with either of these compounds. National estimates of production wastewater 48.985,70 tons/day, which the total of hospitals in Indonesia as 2.410 hospitals with beds 295.035. The focus of hospital wastewater treatment in Indonesia is basically accordance with government regulations for reducing the chemical, physical, biological and radioactive materials from the wastewater. Climate of Indonesia is located in tropical regions may be produce additional types and other characteristics of wastewater. The Objective of this study to give an overview study of the new pollutant types of contaminants that require special processing through a hybrid membrane technology. The method used in this research were study literature of any membrane process in other countries and investigation of secondary data from multiple hospitals in Indonesia to determine the wastewater characteristics with government regulation. The study of result showed the characteristics of hospital wastewater of tropical region to provide suggestions scientifically for improvements government regulations that are currently used in Indonesia. The other result of this study can provide a picture of hybrid membrane technology in reducing the special waste with optimum process

The Application of Pilot Plant Hybrid Membrane In The Hospital Wastewater Treatment To Overcome The Antibiotic Resistance Problems In The Urban Water

The clean water crisis is a world and Indonesia issue. A hospital is a place of public service that plays an important role in maintaining the survival of human life. Consumption of antibiotics in hospitals causes potential contamination of residual antibiotics that will be mixed with wastewater. Regulations on hospital wastewater in Indonesia have not regulated the content of antibiotics. Antibiotics are resistant and persistent if they are in aquatic environments even in small concentrations. Hospital wastewater treatment system has not been designed to process the antibiotics, so it needs to be developed alternative technology and solve the problem. This research was conducted for 1.5 years, sample using hospital wastewater type B in Palembang City used to grab and composite sampling. The research design used a laboratory-scale design experiment to analyze the performance of Hybrid membrane (NF-RO) in treating antibiotics in hospital wastewater. Membrane performance calculation variables are rejection. Quantitative analysis showed a Ciprofloxacin level of 4.7 ppm and exceeded the prevailing standard quality in Europe (EC50<1 ppm).These results proved there is a correlation between the number of antibiotics with hospital wastewater become the potential pollutant agent in the water. The results of the study showed Hybrid membrane (NF-RO) performance reducing the levels of Ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The highest hybrid membrane (NF-RO) rejection was 98,31% (80 psi and 1,5 h) with Ciprofloxacin levels at retentate of 0,06 ppm and Rejection system was 98,56%. This result showed Hybrid membrane process is possible application in a hospital to overcome the antibiotics resistance problems

Perbedaan Jumlah Koloni Jamur Trichophyton Rubrum Pada Media Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar (SDA) Dan Media Modifikasi Dengan Ubi Kayu

Media SDA dari segi ekonomis termasuk media dengan harga yang relatif mahal dan hal ini menjadi salah satu kendala pengadaan di laboratorium sehingga dengan adanya media modifikasi dengan ubi kayu, dapat menjadi media alternatif dalam pemeriksaan kultur jamur. Penelitian merupakan eksperimen murni dengan desain penelitian posttest only control group design. Strain murni jamur ditanam pada usia 7 hari sesuai standar Mc Farland 0,5 dengan pengenceran 10-2. Perhitungan jumlah koloni dilakukan pada hari ke 7 dan dianalisis dengan uji T berpasangan. Rata rata jumlah koloni jamur T.rubrum pada media SDA sebanyak 42, sedangkan media modifikasi ubi kayu sebanyak 38. Nilai p=0.002 dengan taraf signifikansi 2 arah (α=0.025) maka p<α. Maka terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara jumlah koloni jamur T.rubrum pada media SDA dan media modifikasi dengan ubi kayu, dan ubi kayu dapat menjadi media alternatif untuk pertumbuhan jamur

Perbedaan Hasil Pemeriksaan Nitrat (No₃ˉ) Dengan Penambahan EDTA Dan Tanpa Penambahan EDTA Metode Brusin Sulfat

he Nitrate oxide uses a sample of well water of residents RT 68 Sukajaya village of Palembang which has a land wall of 4 samples. The method used in this examination is brusin sulfate with the addition treatment of Na2EDTA and without the addition of Na2EDTA. The research was included in the True experiment research type with draft research using the control group (Posttest Only Control Group Design). Sample results that are not added Na2EDTA obtained an average result of 2.3628 ppm and the average result obtained in the addition treatment Na2EDTA obtained a value of 6.9178 ppm. There are differences in nitric examination results with the addition of Na2EDTA and without Na2EDTA additions. Verification of data on this research obtained the value of Linieritas, LOD and LOQ,% Recovery and% RSD entered within the limits of the infidelity. Research is done with the addition and without the added treatment of Na2EDTA produces a difference in nitrate levels in well water samples

Review : Profil Hybrid Membrane Dalam Proses Reduksi Air Limbah

Frekuensi penggunaan air sangat tinggi seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk. Peningkatan standar hidup manusia yang semakin tinggi menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan terkait dengan kualitas air akibat bahan kimia, nutrisi, lindi, tumpahan minyak, pembuangan limbah bahan berbahaya, serta penggunaan bahan dispossable dan non-biodegradable. Perkembangan sumber daya teknologi menghasilkan suatu revolusi sehingga menghasilkan lebih banyak bahan dan senyawa kimia. sejumlah senyawa yang diidentifikasi memiliki ancaman potensial terhadap organisme lingkungan hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi teknik pengolahan air limbah dengan menggabungkan dua sifat membran dalam mereduksi air limbah. Metode yang digunakan adalah review dari beberapa sumber pustaka dengan melakukan studi literatur terdahulu terhadap beberapa penelitian yang pernah dilakukan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian menghasilkan bahwa teknologi membran sebagai salah satu instalasi unit pengolahan limbah perkembangan dan kemajuannya sangat menjanjikan dan banyak dilakukan dalam proses dengan prinsip pemisahan dan pemurnian air. Teknologi membran bisa menjadi solusi dalam pengolahan air limbah, seiring dengan perkembangannya membran dapat dikombinasikan (Hybrid Process) dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis membrane yaitu Ultrafiltrasi, Mikrofiltrasi, Nanofiltrasi dan Reverse Osmosis, akan tetapi harus diperhatikan kondisi operasional dari proses tersebut